Antibacterial Regimens

Question 1

Bacterial endocarditis empiric therapy

Answer 1

Vancomycin and gentamicin

Question 2

endocarditis in the presence of a prosthetic heart valve

Answer 2

Add Rifampin to gentamicin/vancomycin regimen

Question 3

Endocarditis treatment for patients with
intolerance to vancomycin

Answer 3

Linezolid or daptomycin

Question 4

What is the antibacterial treatment for infective
endocarditis caused by a-hemolytic streptococci?

Answer 4

Penicillins (penicillin G and ampicillin) often in
combination with gentamicin.

Or

IV gentamicin

Question 5

antibacterial treatment for infective
endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus?
Oxacillin-Susceptible Strains

Answer 5

Nafcillin or oxacillin

Question 6

antibacterial treatment for infective
endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus for Penicillin-allergic (nonanaphylactoid) patients

Answer 6

Cefazolin

Question 7

antibacterial treatment for infective
endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus for Oxacillin-Resistant Strains

Answer 7

Vancomycin

Question 8

When is bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis needed ?

Answer 8

oral-dental procedures in patients with
- Prosthetic cardiac valves
- Previous infective endocarditis
- Congenital heart disease (CHD)
- Cardiac transplant recipients with valvulopathy

Question 9

Recommended Endocarditis Prophylaxis During Oral-Dental or Respiratory Tract Procedures

Answer 9

Amoxicillin

Question 10

Recommended Endocarditis Prophylaxis During Oral-Dental or Respiratory Tract Procedures. With penicillin allergy

Answer 10

Clindamycin or Cephalexin or Azithromycin or Clarithromycin

Question 11

Bacterial pharyngitis

Answer 11

Penicillin V and Amoxicillin
Alternatives

• Macrolide (penicillin-allergic patients)
• Clindamycin
• First or second generation cephalosporin

Question 12

Bacterial Sinusitis

Answer 12

Amoxicillin
Alternative agents include:
- Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
- Macrolide (penicillin-allergic patients)
- Co-trimoxazole
- Second or third generation cephalosporin

Question 13

Acute otitis media therapy

Answer 13

Amoxicillin
Alternative agents include:
- Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
- Macrolide (penicillin-allergic patients)
- Clindamycin
- Second or third generation cephalosporin

Question 14

Community acquired pneumonia in previously healthy person

Answer 14

Macrolide or doxycycline

Question 15

Community acquired pneumonia in immunosuppressed

Answer 15

Respiratory fluoroquinolone
or
b-lactam plus a macrolide

Question 16

Community acquired pneumonia in non icu

Answer 16

Respiratory fluoroquinolone
or
b-lactam plus a macrolide

Question 17

Community acquired pneumonia in an icu

Answer 17

• b-lactam plus either azithromycin
or a respiratory fluoroquinolone
• For penicillin-allergic patients, a
respiratory fluoroquinolone plus
aztreonam

Question 18

Aspiration pneumonia

Answer 18

Clindamycin or metronidazole

Question 19

Bordetella pertussis

Answer 19

Macrolide or co-trimoxazole

Question 20

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Answer 20

Macrolide
Doxycycline
3rd or 4th generation fluoroquinolone

Question 21

Haemophilus influenzae (otitis media, sinusitis)
Non beta lactamase producing

Answer 21

Amoxicillin

Question 22

Haemophilus influenzae (otitis media, sinusitis)
beta lactamase producing

Answer 22

2nd or 3rd generation
cephalosporin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid

Question 23

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 23

Question 24

Legionella sp

Answer 24

Question 25

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 25

Macrolide or doxycycline

Question 26

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 26

Antipseudomonal penicillin, ciprofloxacin

Question 27

Staph aureus

Answer 27

Methicillin susceptible penicillin or 2nd or 3rd generations cephalosporin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolone, imipenem Methicillin resistant Vancomycin, linezolid or Ceftaroline

Question 28

Streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 28

Penicillin G, amoxicillin or cephalosporins, Clindamycin,fluoroquinolone, macrolide, Cotrimoxazole If penicillin resistant Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones Or vancomycin, linezolid

Question 29

Tularemia

Answer 29

Streptomycin

Question 30

Treatment of C.difficile

Answer 30

Vancomycin and Fidaxomicin *Caused by clindamycin

Question 31

What is the drug of choice for traveler’s diarrhea?

Answer 31

Ciprofloxacin in non children Alternative agents include: - Amoxicillin - Azithromycin - Doxycycline

Question 32

Bacteroides

Answer 32

- Metronidazole - Carbapenems - Clindamycin - Beta-lactam plus beta-lactamase inhibitor

Question 33

Giardia

Answer 33

Metronidazole

Question 34

Campylobacter

Answer 34

Azithromycin

Question 35

C.perfringens

Answer 35

Penicillin, clindamycin