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ORGANIC MEDICINALS > Antibacterial Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibacterial Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Lincomycin came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces Lincolensis

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2
Q

Cycloserine came from microorganisms called

A

Streptomyces orchidaceus
Streptomyces lavendulus
Streptomyces garyphalus

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3
Q

Vancomycin came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces orientalis

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4
Q

Chloramphenicol came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces venezulae

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5
Q

Streptomycin came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces griseus

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6
Q

Neomycin came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces fradiae

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7
Q

Chlortetracycline came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces aureofaciens

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8
Q

Oxytetracycline came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces rimosus

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9
Q

Erythromycin came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces erythreus

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10
Q

Rifampicin came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces mediterranei

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11
Q

Natamycin came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces natalensis

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12
Q

Capreomycin came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces capreolin

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13
Q

Amphotericin B came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces nodosus

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14
Q

Nystatin came from the microorganism called

A

Streptomyces noursei

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15
Q

Penicillin came from the microorganism called

A

Penicillium notatum

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16
Q

Penicillinase-resistant pens came from the microorganism called

A

Penicillium chrysogenium

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17
Q

Cephalosporin came from the microorganism called

A

Cephalosporium acremonium

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18
Q

Bacitracin came from the microorganism called

A

Bacillus subtilis

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19
Q

Colistin came from the microorganism called

A

Bacillus colistinus

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20
Q

Polymixin came from the microorganism called

A

Bacillus polymyxa

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21
Q

Gentamicin came from the microorganism called

A

Micromonospora purpurea

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22
Q

equivalent units of 1 mg Pen G Na

A

1,667 U

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23
Q

equivalent units of 1 mg Pen G

A

1,530 U

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24
Q

equivalent units of 1 mg Pen Procaine

A

1,009 U

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25
Q

Beta lactam ring is acid….

A

sensitive

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26
Q

Benzyl Penicillin

A

Pen G

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27
Q

Gold standard penicillin

A

Pen G

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28
Q

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

A

Pen V

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29
Q

the active component of penicillin

A

beta lactam

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30
Q

ring present in penicillin

A

Thiazolidine ring

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31
Q

responsible for the solubility of penicillin

A

carboxylic acid

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32
Q

responsible for the spectrum of activity of penicillin

A

acylamino group

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33
Q

Pen G is acid labile/instable unless given with

A

antacids

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34
Q

Pen G is rapidly eliminated thus _ forms were made - _, _

A

Pen G is rapidly eliminated thus REPOSITORY forms were made, Pen G Procaine, Pen G Benzathine

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35
Q

Penicillin which has a uniform concentration with blood

A

Pen V

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36
Q

Differentiate Pen G and Pen V based on its SAR

A

Pen V has an additional of electron withdrawing electron, oxygen which makes it acid STABLE thus can be given ORALLY. Unlike Pen G which is acid SENSITIVE/LABILE thus given parenterally.

37
Q

In penicillinase-resistant drugs its SAR is the substitution of BULKIER groups which are

A

Isoxazolyl
Di-ortho substituted aromatic ring
Naphthyl ring

38
Q

Which among the group describes methicillin:

a. 2,6-DImethoxyphenylpenicillin
b. 2-ETHOXYL-1-phenylpenicillin

A

2,6-dimethoxyphenylpenicillin

Nafcillin is 2-ETHOXYL-1-phenylpenicillin

39
Q

prototype penicillinase resistant drug

A

methicillin

40
Q

What group is present in Methicillin

A

Di-ortho substituted ring

41
Q

What group is present in Nafcillin

A

Naphthyl ring

42
Q

Penicillins with Isoxazolyl ring

A

Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Flucoxacillin

43
Q

Which among the following describes Cloxacillin

a. 5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
b. 5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
c. 5-Methyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin

A

5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin

Cloxacillin has only 1 chlorine
Dicloxacillin has 2 chlorine

44
Q

Which among the following describes Cloxacillin

a. 5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
b. 5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
c. 5-Methyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin

A

5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin

Cloxacillin has only 1 chlorine
Dicloxacillin has 2 chlorine

45
Q

Which among the following describes Oxacillin

a. 5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
b. 5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
c. 5-Methyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin

A

5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin

46
Q

Electron withdrawing group present in cloxacillin and dicloxacillin

A

Chlorine

47
Q

Electron withdrawing group present in Pen V

A

Oxygen

48
Q

Aminopenicillins have antibac spectrum similar to pen g but more effective against

A

gram negative bacilli

49
Q

Which among describes ampicillin

a. alpha-amino benzylpenicillin
b. alpha-amino-para-hydroxybenzylpenicillin

A

alpha-amino benzylpenicillin

50
Q

Give the 2 aminopenicillins

A

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

51
Q

The only aminopenicillin who can penetrate the GI tract thus given orally

A

Amoxicillin

52
Q

Give the IV prodrugs of ampicillin

A

Hetacillin
Bacampicillin
Cyclacillin
Pivampicillin

53
Q

Electron withdrawing group present in amoxicillin

A

Hydroxyl

54
Q

Amoxicillin is administered orally or parenterally?

A

orally because of the presence of an electron withdrawing group - hydroxyl

55
Q

Extended Spectrum Penicillins are also known as

A

Antipseudomonal

56
Q

Give the 2 extended spectrum penicillins and examples of it

A

Carboxypenicillins
-Carbenicillin
-Ticarcillin

Ureidopenicillin
-Mezlocillin
-Piperacillin

57
Q

prototype of antipseudomonal drugs

A

carbenicillin (under carboxypenicillin)

58
Q

are carboxypenicillins, carbenicillin and ticarcillin acid stable?

A

no, they are administered parenterally

59
Q

An acylureidopenicillin recommended for serious infections

A

Mezlocillin

60
Q

Most potent, generally useful extended-spectrumn

A

Piperacillin

61
Q

Piperacillin is acid…

A

unstable given IV/IM

62
Q

first widely used amine salt of pen G was made with

A

Procaine

63
Q

units/mg of Pen G Benzathine

A

1,211 units/mg

64
Q

units/mg of Pen V

A

1,695 units/mg

65
Q

prodrug of ampicilillin with no antibacterial activity

A

Bacampicillin

66
Q

agent of choice against Haemophilus influenzae infections

A

Ampicillin

67
Q

penicillins interfere with the last step of cell wall synthesis which is called

A

transpeptidation

68
Q

Route of administration of Pen G

A

PO, IV, IM

69
Q

True or False
Pen G is used for RHD and Syphilis

A

True

70
Q

What class of penicillins are narrow, broad and extended spectrum?

A

Narrow - Penicillinase-resistant/Antistaphylococcal
Broad - Aminopenicillins
Extended - Antipseudomonal

71
Q

most potent anti-pseudomonal penicillin

A

piperacillin

72
Q

True or False
Probenecid is also sometimes given together with penicillin antibiotics

A

True

73
Q

Type of Beta-Lactamase inhibitors which only:
1. protect the beta-lactam ring
2. prolong duration of action of penicillin
3. extend the spectrum of activity of penicillins

A

Type I Beta-Lactamase inhibitors

74
Q

Give the class I beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

75
Q

Give the class II beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

Carbapenems
-Imipenem
Newer carbapenems
-meropenem
-biapenem
Cilastatin
Thienamycin
Monobactam
-aztreonam

76
Q

1st carbapenem

A

Imipenem

77
Q

Impinem and Thienamycin are inactivated by DHP

A

True

78
Q

DHP inhibitor

A

Cilastatin

79
Q

Monobactam
_ methoxy group was responsible for B-lactamase stability series, contributed to the low antibacterial potency and poor chemical stability

A

3

80
Q

are newer carbapenems stable to DHP? name the 2 of them

A

Meropenem
Biapenem

81
Q

Nucleus of penicillins

A

6-APA (6-aminopenicillanic acid)

82
Q

Nucleus of cephalosporins

A

7-ACA or 7-APDA
7-aminocephalosporanic acid or 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid

83
Q

Name the ring that is present in cephalosporin

A

Dihydrothiazine ring

84
Q

Most reactive site in cephalosporin

A

Acetoxylmethyl

85
Q

Addition of dihydrothiazine ring in cephalosporin makes it more or less strained and reactive?

A

less

86
Q

if your solvent is _ (acid/base) cephalosporin hydrolyzes with a hydrolytic product of:

A

acid, 7-ACA or 7-ADCA

87
Q

If you are allergic to penicillin, then you are also allergic to cephalosporin

A

True because they both have beta lactam ring

88
Q

Adverse reaction of Cephalosporin

A

Allergic and hypersensitivity
Mild rashes
Anaphylaxis

89
Q

a close congener of Pen N which contains the dihydrothiazine ring

A

Cephalosporin C

ORGANIC MEDICINALS (1 decks)

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