Antibacterial Agents 2: Cell-Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards
What are the 4 classes/types of cell wall inhibitor drugs?
- Vancomycin
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporin
- Carbapenems
“Vice President Cell Crushers”
*BEFORE COMPLETING THE REST OF THESE NOTE CARDS, LOOK AT THE ANTIBIOTIC SPECTRUM THAT FRENCH POSTED ONLINE. FOCUS ON PENICILLINS, CEPHALOS and VANC.
What is B-lactamase and why is it important?
It is a bacterial enzyme that breaks down many penicillin drugs and causes resistance
Which drug is used to treat Penicillin resistant bacterias (beta-lactamase or penicillinase).
Dicloxacillin
Most cephalosporins act like _________ plus a ______
amoxicillin + a beta-lactamase inhibitor)
Know the ~20 drugs and their general targets (ie cell wall inhibition, protein inhibition, DNA inhibition, etc)
According to lecture 2.
True or False: Most cephalosporins are not broken down by B lactamase.
True.
Most Cephalosporins
How is amoxicillin administered?
PO (orally) only
How is Penicillin V administered?
PO Only
Which penicillin drugs are administered IV only?
Piperacillin*
Penicillin G
Ticarcillin
*most important
How is dicloxicillin administered?
Oral Only
How are Penicillins eliminated? Cephalosporins?
Both Renal
They are not a DQ-CRIMES drug
Cephalosporins are very similar to penicillins
Which Penicillin is VERY acid resistant?
Penicillin V
Which kind of organisms does amoxicillin cover against?
Gram + and -
Its an Extended Spectrum Antibiotic
Which kind of organisms does Piperacillin cover against?
- All Gram + and -
- Anaerobic infections (caused by B. fragilis)
- Pseudomonas
What is Clavulanic Acid?
Its a B-lactamase inhibitor that is frequently combined with Amoxicillin (together known as augmentin)
How do you cover a MSSA (S. Aureus) infection?
With Dicloxacillin
OR
Amox/Clav or Pip/Taz
(Clav and Taz are B-lac inhibitors)
What is unique about the distribution of 3rd generation cephalosporins? Name them.
-They penetrate the Brain real well.
CefTriaxone
CefTazidime
(Cef-T stands for Cef-Three)
First generation Cephalosporins can be thought of as a ___________ + a __________.
Amoxicilin + Clavulanic Acid
TEST QUESTION:
If you develop a rash or anaphylaxis (type 1 response) with use of penicillin, it is okay to take a cephalosporin.
FALSE
DONT DO IT.
Use Macrolides instead.
Whats a major difference between Amoxicilin and Cephalexin (1st Gen)?
Amox is susceptible to B-Lactamase
Vancomycin inhibits which stage of protein wall synthesis?
Stage 2 and is effective against systemic MRSA and C. Dif.
When treating MRSA, how is Vancomycin administered?
IV
When treating C. Dif, how is Vancomycin administered?
PO
What are the 3 adverse reactions to Vancomycin?
- Redman Syndrome infusion related)
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
An infection of MSSA can be treated with ALL penicillins and Cephalosporins EXCEPT:
Penecillin and straight amoxicillin.
If extended covereage amoxicillin is used (amox+clav) then it works.
Which Penicillins and Cephalosporins cover Gram Negative Rod bacteria?
Amoxicillin (all forms)
Piperacillin + Tazo (Pip/taz)
All cephalosporins
Which of the following would best treat a pseudomonas infection? more than 1 possible Pip/taz Amox/Clav Amox Cephalexin (1st) Ceftriaxone (3rd)
Pip/Taz** Most important
Ceftriaxone (3rd)
Which of the following would best treat an anerobic infection (B. Fragilis)? more than 1 possible Pip/taz Amox/Clav Amox Cephalexin (1st) Ceftriaxone (3rd)
Pip/Taz
Amox/Clav
Which of the following would best treat an gram negative cocci infection? more than 1 possible Pip/taz Amox/Clav Amox Cephalexin (1st) Ceftriaxone (3rd)
Ceftriaxone (3rd)
Gram - cocci =N. Gonorrhoeae
