Antibacterial Flashcards
Five categories of antibacterial drugs
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors DNA damaging Drugs Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis Inhibitors of cell membrane function Inhibotrs of protein synthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors name them
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Rifampin
Sulfonamides - spectrum and clinic implications
Inhibits growth of gram + and gram - UTI Toxoplasmosis (Parastic infection) Prophylaxis for burn victoms and aids patients against Pneumocystis jirovecii Static or cidal
trimethoprim - spectrum and clinic implications
Broader vs gram + and gram - compared to sulfa
UTI
Intestinal infections
prostatitis
pneumocystis jarovecii tx and prevention in aids
MRSA
Static or cidal
Rifampin - spectrum and clinic implications
Potent vs M. tuberculosis
some activity vs staph/MRSA
prophy vs Meningococcal disease and meningitis
Cidal
DNA damaging agents - name them
Quinolones
Nitrofurans
Methenamine
Metronidazole
Quinolones - spectrum and clinic implications
Variety of analogs are effectve vs either gram + or gram - bacteria
UTI
RTI
anti-tubercular (when resistant to other anti-TB drugs)
Cidal
Nitrofurans - spectrum and clinic implications
Broad spectrum vs gram + and gram - NOTE : not effective vs P. aeruginosa
Only for UTI
Static
Methenamine - spectrum and clinic implications
Rarely used. Gram - spectrum, only for lower UTI
not good for pseudomonas
Cidal
Metronidazole - spectrum and clinic implications
A pro drug for Anaerobic infections
Bacteriocidal vs most obligate anaerobic gram + and gram - bacteria.
Cidal
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis - name them
Penicillins
vancomycin
Bacitracin
Penicilins - spectrum and clinic implications
Clinical Uses Group A strep Strep pneumoniae Endocarditis, meningitis, epiglotitis STDs (syphilis) UTI Note these are time dependent AB because concentrations in the blood must be maintained for a sufficient period to inhibit cell wall synthesis and kill all bacteria. Cidal
Cephalosporins - spectrum and clinic implications
Same as Penicilins
Cidal
Carbapenems - spectrum and clinic implications
Broad/extended spectrum against gram - and gram + bacteria
Especially effective vs Pseudomonas and acinetobacter
Cidal
Vancomycin
Active against gram + staph, strep, e. faecalis
LArge so it cant penetrate gram - pores.
Cidal.
Bacitracin
used in cream and ointments. nhibits gram + cocci, some activity against gram -.
Cidal
Cell membrane damaging agents name them
Polymyxins
Daptomycin
Polymyxins - spectrum and clinic implications
Only effective vs gram - bacteria.
Topical administrations. Good for psuedomonal infection in ears.
Bacteriocidal
Daptomycin - spectrum and clinic implications
Gram + infections only
Not god vs lung infections
Good vs most resistance strains
Cidal
Inhibitors of protein synthesis - name them
Aminogycosides, tetracyclines
chloramphenicol
macrolides
clindamycin
Aminoglycosides - spectrum and clinic implications
Effective against gram -, exp pseudomonal species
NOTE these are concentration dependent drugs
Cidal
Concentration dependent antibiotics?
Aminoglycosides, quinolones, daptomycin
Time dependent antibiotics?
B-lactams, Vancomycin, quinolones
Tetracyclines - spectrum and clinic implications
First broad spectrum antibiotic. Many resistances exist to it so now a second line therapy. Affective cs + and - bacteria. Effective vs rickettsiae, mycoplasma, clamydia, protozoa.
Static
