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pharm exam 4 > Antibacterial > Flashcards

Antibacterial Flashcards

1
Q

Five categories of antibacterial drugs

A 
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
DNA damaging Drugs
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
Inhibitors of cell membrane function
Inhibotrs of protein synthesis
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2
Q

Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors name them

A

Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Rifampin

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3
Q

Sulfonamides - spectrum and clinic implications

A 
Inhibits growth of gram + and gram -
UTI
Toxoplasmosis (Parastic infection)
Prophylaxis for burn victoms and aids patients against Pneumocystis jirovecii 
Static or cidal
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4
Q

trimethoprim - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Broader vs gram + and gram - compared to sulfa
UTI
Intestinal infections
prostatitis
pneumocystis jarovecii tx and prevention in aids
MRSA
Static or cidal

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5
Q

Rifampin - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Potent vs M. tuberculosis
some activity vs staph/MRSA
prophy vs Meningococcal disease and meningitis
Cidal

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6
Q

DNA damaging agents - name them

A

Quinolones
Nitrofurans
Methenamine
Metronidazole

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7
Q

Quinolones - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Variety of analogs are effectve vs either gram + or gram - bacteria
UTI
RTI
anti-tubercular (when resistant to other anti-TB drugs)
Cidal

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8
Q

Nitrofurans - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Broad spectrum vs gram + and gram - NOTE : not effective vs P. aeruginosa
Only for UTI
Static

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9
Q

Methenamine - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Rarely used. Gram - spectrum, only for lower UTI
not good for pseudomonas
Cidal

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10
Q

Metronidazole - spectrum and clinic implications

A

A pro drug for Anaerobic infections
Bacteriocidal vs most obligate anaerobic gram + and gram - bacteria.
Cidal

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11
Q

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis - name them

A

Penicillins
vancomycin
Bacitracin

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12
Q

Penicilins - spectrum and clinic implications

A 
Clinical Uses
Group A strep
Strep pneumoniae
Endocarditis, meningitis, epiglotitis
STDs (syphilis)
UTI
Note these are time dependent AB because concentrations in the blood must be maintained for a sufficient period to inhibit cell wall synthesis and kill all bacteria.
Cidal
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13
Q

Cephalosporins - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Same as Penicilins

Cidal

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14
Q

Carbapenems - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Broad/extended spectrum against gram - and gram + bacteria
Especially effective vs Pseudomonas and acinetobacter
Cidal

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15
Q

Vancomycin

A

Active against gram + staph, strep, e. faecalis
LArge so it cant penetrate gram - pores.
Cidal.

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16
Q

Bacitracin

A

used in cream and ointments. nhibits gram + cocci, some activity against gram -.
Cidal

17
Q

Cell membrane damaging agents name them

A

Polymyxins

Daptomycin

18
Q

Polymyxins - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Only effective vs gram - bacteria.
Topical administrations. Good for psuedomonal infection in ears.
Bacteriocidal

19
Q

Daptomycin - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Gram + infections only
Not god vs lung infections
Good vs most resistance strains
Cidal

20
Q

Inhibitors of protein synthesis - name them

A

Aminogycosides, tetracyclines
chloramphenicol
macrolides
clindamycin

21
Q

Aminoglycosides - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Effective against gram -, exp pseudomonal species
NOTE these are concentration dependent drugs
Cidal

22
Q

Concentration dependent antibiotics?

A

Aminoglycosides, quinolones, daptomycin

23
Q

Time dependent antibiotics?

A

B-lactams, Vancomycin, quinolones

24
Q

Tetracyclines - spectrum and clinic implications

A

First broad spectrum antibiotic. Many resistances exist to it so now a second line therapy. Affective cs + and - bacteria. Effective vs rickettsiae, mycoplasma, clamydia, protozoa.
Static

25
Q

Chloramphenicol - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Extremely limited clinical use because of potentially fatal side effect - aplastic anemia. Broad spectrum vs + and - bacteria. Effective vs rickettsia when tetracyclines are ineffective.
Static

26
Q

Macrolides - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Good against mostly gram + bacteria. Effective vs mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionnaire’s disease, chlamydial infections, other respiratory infections, pnemonias.
Bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal
Static

27
Q

Clindamycin - spectrum and clinic implications

A

Effective vs gram +, staph, strep and anaerobes like s. pyogenes.
Static

28
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram +. Found in nose, respiratory tract and skin

29
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram -. Has inherent antibiotic resistances.

pharm exam 4 (1 decks)

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