Antiamoebitic drugs Flashcards
Antiamoebitic drugs split into types
INT, - intestinal
INT and Ext INT,
Ext INT - extraintestinal
INT and Ext INT Drugs
Nitroimidazoles
Emitins and Dehydroemetins (DHEs)
Nitroimidazoles
Metronidazole - effective against anaerobic bacteria, E histolytica, T. vaginalis, G. lamblia
Omidazole
Imidazole
Sahamidazole
Nitroimidazoles - MoA
-> Converted by protozoal enzyme reducing nitrogen gorup of nitroimidazole and convert to active mtabolite which is cytotoxic to protozoa and damages DNA
Method of dose - Nitroimidazoles
Orally, IV
Side Effects - Metronidazoles
- mild GI issues
- Allergic rxns
- CNS toxicity
- Disuliform effect
- Metallic taste
Advantage - Omidazoles and Imidzoles
–Both longer acting and better tolerated
Advantage - Sahamidazole
–No disulfide effect
Emetins - type
Emitins - Alkaloid - natural source
Emetins - MoA
Kill trophozoite
DHEs type
Semi synthetic
DHEs MoA
Kill trophozoite
Emetins and DHEs side effects
EMETINE E - emesis M - muscle weakness E - ECG changes T - tachycardia I - itching N - nausea E - eczema lesions
Only INT drugs
Amides, Antibiotics
Amides
Diloxinide furoate, Nitazoanide, Iodoquinol
Diloxinide furoate MoA
–kill troph in lumen by splitting into diloxinite and furoate, furoate has the antiamoebic property.
Drug of choice (DOC) for carriers
Mixed with tissue amoebicidal to completely eradicate infection
Side effects of Diloxinide furoate
- Flatulence
- Nausea
- Rash
Nitazoanide (tizoxanide)
-Used in amoebiasis and giardiasis
Iodoquinol is very toxic (T/F)
True
Side effects of Iodoquinol
-Thyroid enlargement, neurotoxicity
Not used
Antibiotics - Antiamoebic
Tetracyclines, Parromycin
Tetracyclines MoA
Reach colon and destroy flora fed on by E histolyitica
Not safe for pregnancy
Parromycin not safe for pregnancy (T/F)
False, it is given as alternative to Tetracycline which isn’t safe for pregnancy.
Ext INT
ChloroAquine,
Millefosine, Na stibogluconate, Pentamidine, Suramin, Melarosoprol, Pyrimethin
