Anti-Virals Flashcards
What are viruses?
Obligate intracellular parasites
Which anti-viral has the highest level of specificity?
Acyclovir
What condition is acyclovir used to treat?
Herpes
Why is acyclovir so specific?
Given to patients in the unphosphorylated form, has to be phosphorylated from ACV to ACVMP, this is only done by thymidine kinase which is an enzyme only found in virally infected cells
How does acyclovir work as antiviral?
Works as a nucleoside analogue - acts as a chain terminator as it lacks an OH group in the 3’ direction meaning phosphodiester binds cannot form, preventing viral replication
What is a nucleoside inhibitor?
Molecule which looks like a nucleoside and is therefore incorporated into the genome, but actually inhibits viral replication
What is RNA in the negative sense?
A strand of RNA which is complementary to the mRNA
What sense of genetic material can ribosomes translate?
Positive sense
What is a virion
A virus particle outside the cell
Why can ribosomes not be targeted in anti-viral medications?
viruses uses human ribosomes to replicate, meaning they would be attacked
What is the central dogma?
DNA -> RNA -> proteins
Whose polymerase do viruses use to replicate?
Their own
Why do viruses have a high mutation rate?
They use their own polymerase to replicate which LACK PROOF READING
RNA is shorter than DNA. How do RNA viruses compensate for this?
They use COMPLEX CODING STRATEGIES to they can make more proteins than expected
Why is it useful for DNA viruses to be large?
They have room to acquire accessory genes which could make that virus better at modifying host immune response
What is a segmented genome and how does this impact viruses?
Allows easy recombination, therefore if different strains of the virus enter the host, reassortment can occurs, producing new variants