Anti-Viral Drugs

Question 1

which hepatitis is curable vs incurable

Answer 1

b is incurable c is curable

Question 2

what can hepatitis cause without treatment

Answer 2

liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma

Question 3

What type of virus is HIV

Answer 3

retrovirus

Question 4

what cells does his target

Answer 4

leukocytes

Question 5

which hepatitis is a DNA virus

Answer 5

hep B

Question 6

which hepatitis is an RNA virus

Answer 6

hep C

Question 7

what is the target cell for hepatitis

Answer 7

hepatocytes

Question 8

what type of virus is herpes simplex

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

what type of virus is influenza

Answer 9

RNA

Question 10

what are the classes of antiretroviral drugs (4)

Answer 10

HIV entry inhibitors
HIV RT inhibitors
HIV integrase inhibitors
HIV protease inhibitors

Question 11

not including standard antiretroviral drugs, what other antiviral drugs are there (3)

Answer 11

nucleotide analogues
protease inhibitors
neuraminidase inhibitors

Question 12

The specific drugs and the duration of treatment for HCV depend on: (6)

Answer 12

• HCV genotype (genetic structure of the virus)
• viral load
• past treatment experience
• degree of liver damage
• ability to tolerate the prescribed treatment
• need for liver transplant

Question 13

Treatment for hep b?

Answer 13

nucleotide analogue tenofovir

Question 14

treatment for hep c?

Answer 14

• Ribavirin-> nucleoside (nucleoside is without the sugar) analogue prevents viral RNA synthesis
• Boceprevir-> protease inhibitor – Most effective against Hep C genotype 1

Question 15

Difference between nucleoside and nucleotide?

Answer 15

nucleoside is without the sugar

Question 16

3 stages of the HIV life cycle?

Answer 16

ATTACHMENT AND ENTRY
REPLICATION AND INTEGRATION
ASSEMBLY AND RELEASE

Question 17

Different types of RT inhibitors?

Answer 17

Nucleoside RT inhibitors
Nucleotide RT inhibitors
Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors

Question 18

Difference between the 3 RT inhibitors?

Answer 18

Nucleoside RT inhibitors -Activated by 3 step phosphorylation process e.g. Zidovudine
Nucleotide RT inhibitors - Fewer phosphorylation steps required e.g. Tenofovir
Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors No phosphorylation required, not incorporated into viral DNA e.g. Efavirenz

Question 19

what does viral integrate do

Answer 19

integrase inserts viral DNA into host DNA

Question 20

MOA of protease inhibitors?

Answer 20

• Gag precursor encodes all viral structural proteins
• HIV protease cleaves Gag precursor protein
• Protease inhibitors obvs inhibit this

Question 21

What is the main reason HIV can’t be cured

Answer 21

Viral integrase is one of the main reasons HIV can’t be cured easily as it integrates the viral DNA with human DNA.

Question 22

What surround HSV?

Answer 22

tegument and a lipid bilayer

Question 23

treatment for HSV?

Answer 23

Nucleoside analogues e.g. Acyclovir

Question 24

What is the purpose of neuraminidase

Answer 24

• Neuraminidase is important for releasing the virus from the cell its in

Question 25

What is important for releasing the virus from the cell its i

Answer 25

Neuraminidase

Question 26

treatment for flu?

Answer 26

• Neuraminidase inhibitor -> Oseltamivir

Question 27

Oseltamivir is a …

Answer 27

Neuraminidase inhibitor

Question 28

what does HIV use to attach to CD4 receptor

Answer 28

GP120

Question 29

What does GP120 bind to

Answer 29

CCR5, CXCR4 and CD4

Question 30

what does maraviroc do

Answer 30

block CCR5

Question 31

what does enfuvirtide do?

Answer 31

Binds to HIV GP41 transmembrane glycoprotein

Question 32

What does GP41 do

Answer 32

• GP41 penetrates host cell membrane & viral capsid enters