Anti-Viral Drugs Flashcards
What are the 4 types of herpes virus?
Herpes-Simples (HSV)
Varicella-Zoster (VZV)
Epstein-Barr (EBV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
How does Aciclovir work?
It is a nucleoside analogue which interferes with nucleic acid synthesis.
How does aciclovir have a very low toxicity for uninfected host cells and is specific for virus-infected cells?
It must be converted to its active form by an enzyme coded form by the virus genome.
What is Aciclovir active against?
Aciclovir is active against Herpes Simplex Virus and the Varicella Zoster virus.
How is aciclovir given?
Orally
IV for more serious infections.
What are famiclovir and valacovir used for?
Treatment of Shingles and HSV
What is Ganciclovir active against?
Cytomegalovirus
Is Ganciclovir toxic?
How is it given?
When is it given?
Yes, it can cause bone marrow toxicity, so blood count monitoring is important.
IV infusion
Life or sight threatening infections in immunocompromised.
What is Valganciclovir?
Pro-drug of gancilovir - an oral alternative for ganciclovir.
What is foscarnet?
What are the negatives of using it?
How is it given?
used when HSV, VSV, and CMV are resistant to nucleoside analogues.
Highly nephrotoxic
can only be given intravenously
What is cidofovir used for?
CMV retinitis when other antiviral drugs aren’t appropriate.
Briefly describe Anti-HIV drugs.
- usually combination of at least three different drugs which interferes with replication
- Pateitn will then be monitored to asses response to treatment
HIV treatment can involve prophylaxis following occupational or sexual exposure to HIV. And to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child.
What is interferon-a used to treat?
how is it given?
Chronic Hepatisi B and C
iv
What is Lamivudine?
HIV drug
What is adefovir dipivoxil?
Oral Hep B drug
