Anti-seizure Flashcards
List two types of partial seizure and 5 major types of generalized seizures
Briefly describe symptoms for each
Partial =
Simple
Complex (impaired consciousness)
Generalized \+Tonic clonic \+Tonic \+Clonic \+Atonic \+Absence (*primarily kids)
List the four general MOA of antiepileptic drugs
Na-channel blockade
Inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission
Enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission
Ca-channel blockade (mainly T-type)
Identify drugs commonly used for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Valproic acid
Lamotrigine
Identify drugs that are “broad spectrum” antiseizure
Valproic acid
Lamotrigine
List the antiseizure drug metabolized in zero-order (non-linear) kinetics
Phenytoin
Identify AEDs that are CYP450 enzyme inducers and inhibitors
Inducers
+Phenytoin
+Carbamazepine
+Topiramate
Inhibitors
+Valproic acid
+Topiramate
Briefly describe treatment of status epilepticus
1st line:
IV lorazepam or diazepam or midazolam
List drugs with MOA:
Na-channel blockade
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Topiramate
Valproic acid
List drugs with MOA:
Target excitatory glutamatergic synapse
Levetiracetam
Lamotrigine
Topiramate
List drugs with MOA:
Target inhibitory GABAergic synapse
Tiagabine
Valproic acid
Barbiturates
BNZ
Topiramate
Gabapentin (?)
What are precautions/CIs for phenytoin?
Teratogenicity: cleft lip and palate
What AEs are associated with phenytoin?
P450 inducer Hirsutism Enlarged gums NYstagmus Teratogenic Osteomalacia Interferes w/ folate absorption Neurological symptoms
What are AEs of carbamazepine?
Cyp inducer
ADH inc.
Rash (HLA-B allele***)
Blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia)
What AEs are associated with ethosuximide?
GI: anorexia, N/V
CNS: sedation, dizziness, ataxia
What AEs are associated with valproic acid?
Weight gain
Alopecia
Liver toxicity
CNS: tremor, dizziness, sedation
