Anti-psychotic drugs Flashcards
Why D2 blockage can treat psychosis?
Because the positive symptoms are caused by increased dopamine in the meso-limbic system
Which drugs are the more potent typical anti-psychotics?
Haloperidol and Fluphenazine
What are long term positive symptoms that can be an ADR of anti-psychotics especially first generation?
Tardive dyskinesia
How do you differentiate NMS from Serotonin Syndrome?
Myoclonus (arm / leg abnormal movement) in Serotonin Syndrome because serotonin is an excitatory NT in the brain
How do you differentiate NMS from Serotonin Syndrome?
Myoclonus (arm / leg abnormal movement) in Serotonin Syndrome because serotonin is an excitatory NT in the brain while NMS will have decreased movement due to D2 block in niagro-striatal pathway. Remember both will have muscle rigidity, high fever, CNS dysfunction, HR and BP fluctuation.
How do you differentiate Malignant Hyperthermia from NMS and Serotonin Syndrome?
First, history would show post-op patient. Second, there is no CNS dysfunction at the beginning bc malignant hyperthermia is a peripheral / skeletal muscle disease. Skeletal muscle rigidity causes high temperature, muscle rigidity and skeletal myocyte lysis. Myocyte lysis causes myoglobin to be released into blood and cause kidney damage. Later stages may see CNS dysfunction bc of fever.
How do you treat Malignant Hyperthermia?
Dantrolene
How do you treat Seritonin Syndrome?
Cyproheptadine
How do you treat NMS?
Dantrolene
What are the MOAs of atypicals?
Inverse agonist of seritonin 2A receptors and block D2 (but not as high as the D2 blockage in typicals)
What are the advantage of atypical over typicals?
Treats negative Sx, less EPS than high potency typicals, less anti-histamine/anti-alpha/anti-muscaurinc than low-potency typical, lesser increases in prolactin levels
What atypical drug blocks alpha 1 and therefore can have ADR of hypotension?
Clozapine
