Anti-Parasitic Agents Flashcards
what is the most common and severe form of malaria?
Falciparum malaria
Which malarial type can relapse?
Vivax malaria
Which malarial drugs work at the blood stage?
Chloroquine, artemisinins
Which malarial drugs work at the liver stage?
Primaquine
Which drugs can disrupt transmission of malaria?
Artemether and primaquine
What properties should the prophylaxis drugs for malaria have?
orally effective, long half lives, low toxicity
What is the MOA of chloroquine?
Doesn’t allow the conversion of hematin to a non-toxic hemozin by inhibiting biocrystallization
How is resistance developing against chloroquine?
Mutated efflux transporters PfCRT to prevent drug accumulation
What drug is artemether paired with to increase its activity?
lumefantrine
What is the first line treatment for MDR falciparum malaria?
artemether-lumefantrine
When shouldn’t primaquine be used?
G6PD deficiency and all pregnant individuals
What antibiotic is used to treat for protozoal infections?
metronidazole
Paromomycin is what kind of antibiotic?
aminoglycoside
When is paromomycin used?
asymptomatic amebiasis; alternative to metronidazole in pregnancy
Which drug inhibits polymerization of parasite beta tubulin?
Albendazole
How does the MOA of albenzole work to inhibit the parasite?
disruption of the motility and uptake of glucose induces death
What is one of the therapeutic indications of albenazole?
Enterobiasis infections (pin worms)
What can long term use of albenazole cause?
liver toxicity and bone marrow suppression
What is the MOA of ivermectin?
Activation of the glutamate-gated Cl channels –> hyperpolarization
What is an adverse reaction that ivermectin has?
Mazzotti reaction (pruritis, rash, fever, and lymphedema)
When would ivermectin be used in humans?
scabies and head lice
