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Anti Helminths > Anti-Parasites > Flashcards

Anti-Parasites Flashcards

Helminths, Malaria, Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Leishmaniasis, Toxoplasmosis

1
Q

Albendazole

A

MOA: prevents polymerization of parasite microtubules - inhibits fumarate reductase

Use: cestodes/tapeworms give with corticosteroids

AE: hepatotoxic, agranulocytosis

CI: preggers, kids

cimetidine inc plasma concen and half life

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2
Q

Praziquantel

A

MOA: blocks vg Ca channels - Ca floods in - paralysis of worm

Use: cestode, trematode (fluke)

S/E: bloody diarrhea

CI: preggers, nursing, ocular cysticercosis

crosses BBB

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3
Q

Mebendazole

A

MOA: binds to microtubules; blocks glc absorption –> paralysis

Use: whipworm, hookworm, pinworm, roundworm

AE: GI, agranulocytopenia, alopecia

CI: pregnancy

carbamazepine and phenytoin dec serum concen

doesn’t interact with cimetidine

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4
Q

Thibendazole

A

Use: strongyloides, trichinosis

S/E: hallucinations, severe diarrhea, nausea/vomiting

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5
Q

Ivermectin

A

MOA: binds to Glu-Cl channels and causes hyperpolarization leading to paralsysis of worm

Use: strongyloides, trichinosis (used with thiabendazole)

S/E: arthralgia

CI: preggers, meningitis, CYP3A4

doesn’t cross BBB

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6
Q

Diethylcarbamazine

A

MOA: immobilizes microfiliariae

Use: microfilariasis

S/E: swelling/itching face, loss of vision

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7
Q

Metronidazole (luminal and systemic)

A

MOA: forms toxic metabolites in bacterial cell

Use: Giardia, gardnerella vaginalis, entamoeba, trichomonas vaginalis

S/E: disulfiram reaction with alcohol, metallic taste

CI: pregnancy, alcohol

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8
Q

Chloroquine

A

MOA: generates toxic heme byproducts that kill the parasite within RBCs

Use: malaria, amebiasis

S/E: severe hemolysis in G6PD

crosses BBB and placenta

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9
Q

Nifurtimox

A

MOA: reactive O2 intermediate

Use: Chagas due to T cruzi

AE: early and late HSR, peripheral neuropathy

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10
Q

Suramin, melarsoprol

A

MOA: interacts with -SH and inactivates pyruvate kinase causing –> dec ATP production

Use: African sleeping sickness

S/E: stinging sensation on skin

crosses BBB

CI: influenza

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11
Q

Sodium stibogluconate

A

Use: leishmaniasis

AE: prolonged QT, pancreatitis, rash

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12
Q

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

A

MOA: pyr inhibits DHFR. Sulf inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Use: toxoplasmosis, malaria

S/E: folate deficiency (so add leucovorin)

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13
Q

Tinidazole

A

MOA: toxic metabolites (like metronidazole)

use: luminal and systemic amebiasis

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14
Q

Iodoquinol

A

Use: luminal amebiasis

AE: rash, diarrhea

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15
Q

Paramomycin

A

use: luminal amebiasis, leishmaniasis

note, it is an aminoglycoside

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16
Q

Emetine

A

MOA: blocks 40s

use: systemic amebiasis

AE: emetic, liver issues

must be given in the hospital; monitor pt carefully

17
Q

Dehydroemetine

A

synthetic version of emetine

Use: systemic amebiasis

18
Q

Mefloquine

A

MOA:?

use: malaria

AE: neuropsychiatric - dreams, nausea, inc QT interval, dec HR

safe in pregnancy

19
Q

Quinine/Quinidine

A

MOA: like quinolines, interferes with DNA strand separation

use: malaria

AE: cinchonism (tinnitus, deafness, headache), prolonged QT

CI: pregnancy

20
Q

Atovaquone/Proguanil

A

MOA: synergy

AE: fever, rash

21
Q

Artemisinin

A

MOA: produces free radicals within plasmodium food vacuole

AE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

peroxide bridge

22
Q

Primaquine

A

MOA:?

use: tissue schizonticide (P vivax and ovale = PRIMEtime tiVO)

AE: methemoglobinemia, G6PD

CI: pregnancy

23
Q

Eflornithine

A

MOA: suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase

use: African sleeping sickness, female hirsutism

24
Q

Pentamidine isethionate

A

MOA:?

use: African sleeping sickness, Leishmaniasis

AE: nephrotoxic, hypoTN

no CNS

25
Q

Benznidazole

A

MOA: inhibits protein and RNA synthesis

use: T cruzi

prophylaxis in HSC transplant, AIDS

26
Q

Miltefosine

A

use: cutaneous, visceral Leishmaniasis

27
Q

Pyrantel pamoate

A

MOA: NM blocker –> paralysis

caution: hepato issues

28
Q

Thiabendazle

A

MOA: microtubules

use: worms (stronglyoides)

AE: fatal HSR, very toxic in general

CI: preggers, renal

chelator for metal poisoning

29
Q

Niclosamide

A

MOA: inhibits mitoc phosphorylation of ADP

use: tapeworm

CI: alcohol within 48hrs

30
Q
A

Anti Helminths (1 decks)

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