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Anatomy - Head and Neck > Anti-Inflammatories > Flashcards

Anti-Inflammatories Flashcards

1
Q

3 inflammatory cytokines

A

TNF-alpha
IL-1
IL-6

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2
Q

DMARDs

A

Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs

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3
Q

Infliximab

A

Humanized Anti TNF-alpa antibody
Long half-life
Increased risk of infection

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4
Q

Infliximab uses

A

RA

Crohn’s

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5
Q

Adalimumab

A

Human Anti TNF-alpha Antibody

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6
Q

Etanercept

A

Fusion protein–> anti TNF-alpha

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7
Q

Anakinra

A

Competetive IL-1 receptor antagonist
Short half-life
increase infection risk

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8
Q

Anakinra uses

A

RA

other inflammatory diseases

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9
Q

3 actions of JAK signalling pathways

A

IL-6 inflammation
IL-2, 4, 17 adaptive immunity
Bone marrow development

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10
Q

Tofacitinib

A

JAK inhibitor

Myelosuppression, Anemia, Infection

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11
Q

Primary treatment for RA

First follow-up if failing

A

Methotrexate (DHFR inhibitor)

Tofacitinib (Jak kinase inhibitor)

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12
Q

Lipid metabolites

A

Inflammation mediators

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13
Q

Dual action of glucocorticosteroids

A

Anti-inflammatory

Immunosuppressant

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14
Q

Anti-inflammatory MOA of Prednisone (glucocorticosteroids)

A

Decrease expression of the 3 C’s:
–>cytokines, chemokines, COX-2
Increased expression of Annexins (inhibit PLA2)

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15
Q

PLA2

A

Activated by antigen–> releases arachidonic acid from membrane for production of PROSTAGLANDINS and LEUKOTRIENES

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16
Q

COX-1 and COX-2

A

Arachidonic Acid–> Prostaglandins

Targeted by NSAIDs

17
Q

Lypoxygenase

A

Arachidonic Acid–> Leukotrienes

Targeted by Zileuton

18
Q

Daimine Oxidase

A

Degrades Histamine (short half-life)

19
Q

Histamine functions

A

Wakefullness
Neurotransmitter
Acid production (H2 receptor)
Others

20
Q

H1 receptor effects on vascular endothelium and vascular smooth muscle

A

Endo: Constricts–> leaky–> Edema

Sm Muscle: NO from endothelium triggers relaxation–> hypotension and anaphylaxis

21
Q

Cromolyn

A

Histamine release inhibitor

Asthma

22
Q

Nedocromil

A

Histamine release inhibitor

Asthma

23
Q

H1 receptor antagonist uses

A

Allergies
Motion Sickness
Insomnia?

24
Q

Non H1 effects of H1 receptor antagonist

A

Anticholinergic Effects–> Atropine-like
Adrenoreceptor Block–> hypotension
Serotonin Receptor Block–> Increase Appetite
Local Anesthesia–> Na channel block

25
Q

First Generation H1 antagonists examples

A

Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Cyclizine
Promethazine

26
Q

Second Generation H1 antagonist examples

A

*have fewer anti-cholinergic and CNS effects
Loratadine
Cetirizine
Fexofenadine

Anatomy - Head and Neck (4 decks)

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