Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Anti-infectives and more > Flashcards

Anti-infectives and more Flashcards

1
Q

properties of bacteria

A 
no nucleus
simplistic circular DNA
no introns
additional genes in plasmid DNA
peptidoglycan cell wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bacterial processes that antibiotics target

A 
cell wall synthesis
protein synthesis
DNA synthesis
DNA packaging
DNA replication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

beta lactam antibiotic mechanism

A

interfere with the peptidoglycan call wall and hence cell integrity by preventing transpeptidases from linking the long and short chain layers together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

examples of beta lactam antibiotics

A

penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

beta lactamase inhibitors mechanism and importance

A

block the enzymes that cleave and deactivate the beta lactam drug ring structure
ensures no alternative pathway for bacteria
given alongside beta lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in what cells does nucleic acid synthesis occur

A

cells that need constant regeneration or replacement e.g. blood, hair follicles, skin, mucosal surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what cells don’t undergo nucleic acid synthesis

A

cells that don’t need regeneration e.g. cardiac myocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

importance of folate

A

bacteria synthesize this but also obtained from diet (e.g. liver, cereal)
erythrocyte function and DNA generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bacteriocidal vs bacteriostatic

A

kills bacteria vs pauses growth and allow the immune system to clear it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

drugs that have lessened use due to increased resistance

A

sulphonamides, vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors mechanism

A

sulphonamides: target dihydropteroate synthetases to prevent conversion of folate from PABA
trimethoprim: target dihydrofolate reductases to prevent conversion of tetrahydrofolate from folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

proteins needed for bacterial DNA replication

A 
DnaA - binds at OriC
DnaB - helicase
DnaC
DnaG - primase
DNA gyrase
DNA ligase
DNA polymerase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DNA gyrase inhibitors mechanism

A

prevent the introduction of negative supercoils to circular DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tetracylcine mechanism

A

blocks tRNA from binding

stops methionine recruitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

aminoglycoside mechanism

A

prevents anticodon recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

oxalizidonone mechanism

A

stops tRNA and A site complex formation

17
Q

chloroamphenicol mechanism

A

inhibits transpeptidation - movement from A to P site

18
Q

macrolides mechanism

A

inhibits P site release so A remains empty

19
Q

how does drug resistance arise

A

single base pair change or translocation
deactivated by other enzymes
decreased penetration
poor metabolism

20
Q

difference of resistance and compliance

A

compliance - weak bacteria die after antibiotics so the patient stops taking it but the stronger strains still survive and replicate

21
Q

how do antivirals prevent viral entry

A

prevent uncoating and vRNA release - inhibition of M2 ion channel so pH increases and no lysosome fusion
prevent budding of new virions
inhibits viral neuraminidase activity so virions remain on cell surface and act as a signal for immune cells

22
Q

DNA synthesis inhibitors mechanism

A

inhibition of viral DNA polymerase

mimics nitrogenous bases (furanose ring) but lacks 3’OH so chain termination of elongation and reduces rate of synthesis

23
Q

drugs that target genomic integration

A

inhibit reverse transcriptases of retroviruses

24
Q

HIV mechanism of infection

A

infects CD4 T lymphocytes

25
Q

HIV treatment

A

target CXCR5 receptors to block entry
prevent capsid fusion with plasma membrane

inhibit reverse transcriptase

inhibit proteases to prevent cleaving of polypeptides into structural components including capsids

26
Q

encapsulated cancer

A 
solid tumour
single location
easily treatable
low risk
clear boundaries
27
Q

invasive cancer

A

aggressive
secretes metalloproteinases to invade surrounding tissue by breaking down ECM and use the space to replicate
no clear boundaries - capsule
metastasis

Pharmacology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions