Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anti-infectives > Anti-infectives > Flashcards

Anti-infectives Flashcards

1
Q

IV: Gentamicin Tobramycin Amikacin
Oral: Neomycin Paromomycin
Topical: Framycetin Gentamicin Neomycin Tobramycin

MOA

Precautions

Monitoring

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis, Bactericidal, Gram -ve
  • Ototoxicity (Irreversible)
    • Vestibular (n&v, vertigo, nystagmus, difficulties with gait
    • Cochlear (hearing loss, tinnitus, feeling of fullness in ears)
  • Nephrotoxicity (Reversible)
  • Neuromuscular blockade (respiratory depression) - caution with myasthenia gravis pts
  • Renal function
  • Auditory testing
  • Vestibular function (ASK abt dizziness, tinnitus, confusion, eye movement)
  • Therapeutic drug concentrations of IV aminoglycosides (if dosing continues beyond 48 hours)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

IV:
Doripenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem
Meropenem

MOA

Precautions

Monitoring

A
  • Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, binds to penicillin binding proteins, Bactericidal, Gram -ve, +ve, anaerobes
  • Allergy (cross reactivity)
  • Neurotoxicity (myclonic activity, confusion, seizures)
  • Infrequent A/E: Clostridium difficile assoc disease
  • Monitor during prolonged treatment
    • Renal function
    • Hepatic function
    • Complete blood count
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOA

Precautions

Monitoring

A
  • Interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis, binds to penicillin binding proteins, Bactericidal
  • Allergy (cross reactivity)
  • Renal impairment (dose reduction - risk of nephrotoxicity & neurotoxicity)
  • Common A/E
    • diarrhoea
    • n&v
    • rash, allergy
    • headache
    • dizziness
    • Clostridium difficile associated disease
    • Superinfection (Candida, Enterococcus)
  • Monitor during prolonged (>10 days) &/or high dose treatment
    • Renal function
    • Complete blood count
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moderate spectrum

Cefaclor (Ceclor, Karlor) - B1
Cefuroxime (Zinnat) - B1
Cephalexin (Keflex) - A

Indications

Dose

Counselling

A

Indications Cefaclor & Cefuroxime

  • Otitis media
  • Resp tract infections (H influenzae)
  • Acute bacterial sinusitis
  • Cefuroxime: Gonoccocal infections (1 g 1 dose)

Dose Cefaclor

  • CR: 375-750 mg q12h
  • Child: 10 mg/kg q8h

Dose Cefuroxime

  • 250-500 mg BD
  • Child: 10 mg/kg BD - 15 mg/kg BD

Take with food

Indications Cephalexin

  • Staphylococcal & streptococcal infections
  • UTIs (gram -ve)
  • Epididymo-orchitis

Dose Cephalexin

  • 250-500 mg q6h MAX 4 g
  • Child: 6.25-12.5 mg/kg q6h
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MOA

Precautions

Monitoring

A
  • Interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis, binds to penicillin binding proteins, Bactericidal
  • Allergy (cross reactivity)
  • Renal impairment (high IV dose &/or prolonged tx - electrolyte disturbance, neurotoxicity, risk of neutropenia)
  • Common A/E:
    • diarrhoea
    • nausea
    • superinfection (including candidiasis)
    • allergy
  • Monitor during prolonged (>10 days) &/or high dose treatment
    • Renal and hepatic function
    • Complete blood count
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Amoxycillin - A, Moderate
Amoxycillin + Clavulanic acid - B1, Broad

Indications

Dose

Counselling

A

Amoxycillin

Indications

  • Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community acquired pneumonia
  • Acute bacterial otitis media, sinusitis
  • Gonococcal infection
  • Epididymo-orchitis, prostatis, acute pyelonephritis, UTI
  • Non surgical prophylaxis of endocarditis
  • Acute cholecystitis, peritonitis
  • Eradication of H pylori

Dose

  • 250-500 mg q8h
  • Child: 15-25 mg/kg q8h

Amoxycillin + Clavulanic acid

Indications

  • Hospital acquired pneumonia
  • Epididymo-orchitis (urinary tract source)
  • PID (not sexually acquired)
  • UTI
  • Bites and clenched fist injuries
  • Otitis media, acute bacterial sinusitis
  • Acute cholecystitis
  • Melioidosis

Dose

  • 500-875 mg q12h
  • q8h in acute bacterial sinusitis

Counselling

  • Absorbed best if taken with food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dicloxacillin (Distaph) - B2, Narrow
Flucloxacillin (Flopen, Staphylex) - B1, Narrow

Indications

Dose

Counselling

A

Indications

  • Staphylococcal skin infections: folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, bullous impetigo, mastitis, crush injuries, stab wounds, infected scabies
  • Pneumonia
  • Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis
  • Flucloxacillin: Septicaemia, Empirical tx for endocarditis, surgical prophylaxis

Dose

  • 250-500 mg q6h
  • MAX 4 g daily
  • Child: 12.5-25 mg/kd q6h

Counselling

  • Absorbed best if taken on an empty stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Abbocillin, Cilicaine VK) - A, Narrow

Indications

Dose

Counselling

A

Indication

  • Streptococcus pyogenes tonsilitis, pharyngitis, skin infections
  • Prevention of rheumatic fever
  • Moderate-severe gingivitis

Dose

  • 250-500 mg q6h
  • MAX 3 g daily
  • Child: 10-12.5 mg/kd q6h

Counselling (3a or 3b)

  • Absorbed best if taken on an empty stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vancomycin - B2
Teicoplanin - B3

MOA

Precautions

Monitoring

A
  • Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity
  • Red man syndrome
  • Monitor
    • Renal function
    • Complete blood count
    • Concentration monitoring - Vancomycin
    • Hearing (during long courses)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oral: Clindamycin (Cat A)
IV: Lincomycin

MOA

Monitoring

Counselling

A
  • Indications
    • Alternative in pts with severe allergy to penicillin & cephalosporins (endocarditis prophylaxis, aspiration pneumonia, dental, skin, soft tissue & bone infections)
    • Toxoplasma encephalitis/abscess
    • Anaerobic infections
    • Malaria
    • Tx of PCP
    • Bacterial vaginosis
    • Acne
  • Dose: 150-450 q6h-q8h
    • Bacterial vaginosis: 300 mg BD for 7 days
  • Monitor during prolonged tx
    • Complete blood count, hepatic & renal function
  • Counselling
    • Full glass of water
    • Diarrhoea, no antidiarrhoeals
    • Common A/E: diarrhoea, n&v, abdo pain, rash, itch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

IV, Oral: Azithromycin (B1)
Oral: Clarithromycin (B3), Erythromycin (A), Roxithromycin (B1)

MOA

Precautions
Label 5, prolonged QT interval: Clarithromycin, Erythromycin

Monitoring

Counselling

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis, immunomodulatory & anti-inflammatory effects, bacteriostatic

Azithromycin

Indications & Dose

Usual range: 500 mg daily for 2 days OR 500 mg daily on Day 1, then 250 mg daily for 4 days

  • Treatment of choice for chlamydial infections
    • 1 g as a single dose
  • Streptococcal pharyngitis / tonsilitis
  • Community acquired pneumonia
  • Traveller’s diarrhoea
    • 1 g as a single dose OR 500 mg daily for 3 days
  • Prevention and tx of pertussis
  • Prevention and tx of MAC infections

Clarithromycin

Indications & Dose

Usual range: 250 mg BD (reduce dose renal impair)

Indications:

  • Lower resp tract infections
  • Eradication of h. pylori
    • 500 mg BD for 7 days
  • Prevention & tx of MAC, pertussis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Erythromycin (ethyl succinate: w/o regards to meals, base: 1 hr before 2 hrs after) - A
Roxithromycin (at least 15 mins before meals) - B1

Indications

Dose

A

Erythromycin

Indications & Doses: (decrease dose in renal impair)

Usual range: 250-500 mg q6h-q8h, MAX 4 g daily

  • Upper & lower resp tract infec
  • Rheumatic fever prophylaxis
  • Legionnaires disease
  • Campylobacter enteritis
  • Coral cuts
  • Chlamydial infections
  • Prevention & tx of pertussis
  • Acne
  • Rosacea (severe or failure of top tx)
    • 250 -500 mg BD

Roxithromycin

Indications & Doses: (decrease dose in severe hepatic impair)

Usual range: 150 mg BD or 300 mg daily

  • Upper & lower resp tract infections
  • Community acquired pneumonia
  • Skin infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metronidazole - B2
Tinidazole - B3

MOA

Precautions

Monitoring

A
  • Metabolized to active metabolites thought to interfere with DNA synthesis
  • Bactericidal against anaerobes & protozoa
  • Neurotoxic - CNS disorders including seizures
  • Leucopenia - Blood dyscrasias
  • Infrequent A/E
    • furry tongue
    • glossitis, stomatitis
    • tingling hands, feet
  • Rare A/E:
    • hypersensitivity reactions
    • leucopenia
    • peripheral neuropathy
    • seizures
    • dark urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Metronidazole - B2
Tinidazole - B3

Indications

Dose

A

Metronidazole

Indications & Dose:

  • Gram +ve and gram -ve anaerobic bacterial infections e.g. B. Fragilis
  • Protozoal infections
    • Giardiasis - 2 g once daily for 3 days
    • Trichomoniasis - 2 g single dose (tx sexual partner)
  • Bacterial vaginosis - 400 mg BD for 7 days
  • Clostridium difficle assoc disease - 400 mg q8h for 10 days
  • Dental infections
  • Intra-abdominal infections
  • Aspiration pneumonia
  • Lung abscess
  • PID
  • Amoebiasis
  • Surgical prophylaxis
  • Eradication of H pylori
    • w Clarithromycin 400 mg BD for 7 days
    • w Amoxycillin 400 mg TDS for 14 days
  • Rosacea
  • Fungating wounds

NO Alcohol for 24 hrs after finishing course

Tinidazole

Indications & Dose:

  • Protozoal infections
    • Giardiasis - 2 g as a signle dose
    • Trichomoniasis - 2 g as a single dose (tx sexual partner)
  • Bacterial vaginosis - 1 g once daily for 5 days OR 2 g once daily for 2 days
  • Prophylaxis in GI and gynaecological surgery

NO Alcohol for 72 hrs after finishing course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ciprofloxacin (tabs, inj, eye & ear drops)
Moxifloxacin (tab, inj)
Norfloxacin (tab)
Ofloxacin (eye drops)

Cat B3

MOA

Precautions

Monitoring

A
  • Inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis, blocking DNA gyrase & topoisomerase IV, Bactericidal
  • H. influenzae, enteric and other gram -ve bacteria e.g. P aeruginosa
  • Neurological - indicue seizures, worsen muscle weakness
  • Achilles tendon rupture
  • Use in children & adolescents only in severe infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ciprofloxacin

Norfloxacin (poor systemic BA)

Indications

Dose

Counselling

A

Ciprofloxacin

Indications:

  • Severe Salmonella enteritis
  • Typhoid, parathyphoid
  • Shigellosis
  • Complicated UTI
  • Bone or joint infections
  • Epididymo-orchitis, Prostatis
  • Prevention of meningococcal disease
  • P. aeruginosa infections e.g. cystic fibrosis
  • Febrile neutropenia
  • Keratitis or severe conjunctivitis
  • Chronic suppurative otitis media

Dose:

  • 250-500 mg BD. MAX 1.5 g daily

Norfloxacin

Indications & Dose:

  • Uncomplicated UTI - 400 mg BD for 3 days
  • Shigellosis
  • Traveller’s diarrhoea - 800 mg as a single dose OR 400 mg BD for 3 days
  • Campylobacter enteritis
  • Prostatis - 400 mg BD for 28 days
  • Prophylaxis in cirrhotic pt with GI haemorrhage

Counselling:

  • Label 3b (1 hr before), 4, 8, 12
  • Increase effects of caffeine
  • Drink plenty of fluids
  • Tendon soreness & inflammation OR numbness & tingling in fingers or toes, stop & see dr
17
Q

Rifabutin - C
Rifampicin - C
Rifaximin - B1

MOA

Precautions

Monitoring

Counselling

A
  • Inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase, bactericidal against Mycobacteria
  • Indications for Rifampicin
    • TB with other drugs
    • Leprosy
    • Other mycobacterial infections
    • MRSA infection with other agents
    • Selected serious or prosthesis assoc infection with other agents
    • Prevention of infection in close contacts of ppl with meningococcal or H influenzae type b idisease
  • Hepatic
  • Liver funcition test, serum creatinine, full blood count
  • Your urine, faeces, sweat & tears may become orange-red & soft contact lenses may be permanently stained
  • Tell your dr if you ahve any loss of appetitie, n & v, unusual tiredness, jaundice, dark urine or pale faeces
  • This medicine interacts with many drugs, tell your dr & pharmacist that you are taking this med
18
Q

Demeclocycline
Doxycyline
Minocyline
Tetracycline

MOA

Precautions

Safe first 19 weeks of pregnancy –> after this C/I (Category D)

Counselling

A
  • Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, bacteriostatic
  • C/I in chlildren under 8 y/o - discolour teeth, enamel dysplasis, dental caries, deformities and inhibit bone growth
  • Minocycline: Vestibular & CNS A/E - Benign intracranial hypertension; pigmentation
  • Take w food or milk to reduce stomach upset
  • Take w a glass of water & remain upright for 1 hr after taking med. This is to stop tabs or caps sticking on the way to your stomach & causing painful damage to the lining of your throat
  • Label 4, 8
19
Q

Doxycycline
Minocycline

Indications

Dose

A

Doxycycline

Indications & Dose:

  • Acne - 50 mg daily for at least 6 weeks
  • Rosacea - 50 mg daily
  • Infections caused by M Pneumonia
  • Community acquired penumonia
  • Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
  • Acute bacterial sinusitis
  • Chlamydial & other non gonococcal genital tract infections - 100 mg BD
  • PID
  • Sexually acquired epididymo-orchitis
  • Chronic prostatitis
  • Rickettsial infections
  • Melioidosis
  • Prophylaxis of malaria - 100 mg daily start taking 2 days before entering, & continue for 4 weeks after leaving
  • Treatment of P falciparum malaria
  • Q fever

Minocycline

Indications & Dose:

  • Acne - 100 mg daily in 1 or 2 doses
  • Infections due to susceptible bacteria
  • Leprosy
20
Q

MOA

Indication

Dose

Monitoring

Counseling

A
  • Inhibit bacterial protein, DNA, RNA & cell wall synthesis
  • Indications & Dose:
    • Acute lower UTIs - 50-100 mg QID (3 days women, 14 days men)
    • Prophylaxis or long term suppressive tx in recurrent UTIs - 50-100 mg at bedtime
  • Cat A short term use –> risk of haemolytic anaemia in infants near term
  • Monitoring during long term tx
    • Pulmonary function - pulmonary toxicity
    • Liver function - hepatotoxicity
    • Renal function - peripheral neuropathy
  • Take with food or milk
  • Drowsiness & dizziness
  • Tell dr if difficulty breathing, cough or numbness or tingling
  • Make your urine brownish, soft contact lens may be stained
21
Q

MOA

Indication

Dose

Monitoring

Counseling

A
  • Competitively inhibits bacterial folate production essential for bacterial growth
    • Trimethoprim: dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
    • Sulfamethoxazole: dihyropteorate synthetase inhibitor
    • Bacteriostatic
  • Indication
    • Empirical tx for uncomplicated lower UTIs - 300 mg at night for 3 or 14 days
    • Epididymo-orchitis - 300 mg daily for 2 weeks
    • Prostatis - 300 mg at night for 4 weeks
    • Mild - moderate PCP
  • Indication + SMX
    • Tx and primary&secondary prevention of PCP
    • Infections casued by L monocytogenes, Nocardia spp, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    • Melioidosis
    • Shigellosis
    • Primary prevention of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV pts
    • Prevention & tx of pertussis
  • Dose (trimethoprim: SMX = 1:5)
    • 80/400 - 160/800 mg BD
  • Monitoring
    • complete blood count, folate status
    • U&Es - potasium conc (hyperkalaemia!)
    • renal function
    • urinanalysis
  • Counselling
    • Take with food
    • Drink a lot of lfuid
    • Label 8
    • Tell your dr straightaway if you get a sore throat, fever, rash, cough, difficulty breathing, joint pain, dark urine or pale stools

Anti-infectives (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions