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CDM > Anti-infectives > Flashcards

Anti-infectives Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purposed of antibiotic stewardship programs?

A

To optimize antibiotic use (right dose, drug, duration): effectively treat infections, prevent unnecessary use, combat resistance

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2
Q

T/F: Hospitals are not required to have an ASP program to be accredited by TJC

A

False

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3
Q

Hospital ASPs can help to increase infection cure rates while reducing

A

treatment failure, c. diff infection rates, adverse effects, antibiotic resistance, hospital costs and length of stay

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4
Q

What are examples of leadership commitment to ASPs?

A

Senior leadership has to be committed to having leaders that manage the program, who have right training, experience, oversight, leadership, have support from clinicians, program/department leads, pharmacy and therapeutics, infection prevention, are meeting regularly to check on goals, and microbiology involvement

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5
Q

How is senior leadership of ASPs held accountable?

A

Designative co-chairs who are often PharmD and MD

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6
Q

What reporting can ASPs provide to physicians to hold them accountable for antibiotic prescribing?

A

Comparisons of antibiotic prescribing in certain areas/units with other physicians

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7
Q

Penicillin spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, N. meningitidis

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8
Q

What are the core elements of ASP?

A

Hospital leadership commitment, accountability, pharmacy expertise, action, tracking, reporting, education

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9
Q

Penicillin common clinical applications

A

Neurosyphilis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, cellulitis

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10
Q

Aminopenicillins (ampicillin/amoxicillin) spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, H. influenzae

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11
Q

Aminopenicillins (ampicillin/amoxicillin) clinical uses

A

Meningitis, Endocarditis, Pneumonia, sinusitis, oropharyngeal infections, otitis media

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12
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins (nafcillin/oxacillin) spectrum of activity

A

S. pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA)

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13
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins (nafcillin/oxacillin) clinical uses

A

Meningitis, endocarditis

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14
Q

Vancomycin spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, staph aureus (MRSA)

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15
Q

Daptomycin and linezolid spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecium (VRE), staph aureus (MRSA)

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16
Q

Vancomycin clinical uses

A

bacteremia, meningitis, HAP/VAP

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17
Q

Daptomycin clinical uses

A

bacteremia (VRE), UTI, intra-abdominal infections

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18
Q

Linezolid clinical uses

A

bacteremia, UTI, intra-abdominal infections, HAP/VAP

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19
Q

Ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanate spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, staph aureus (MSSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, H. influenzae, bacteroides fragilis

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20
Q

AMP/SULB, AMOX/CLAV. clinical uses

A

Pneumonia/sinusitis/otitis media (beta-lactamase positive H. influ), HAP/VAP (amp/sulb only), UTI, SSTI

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21
Q

Piperacillin/tazobactam spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas, bacteroides fragilis

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22
Q

PIP/TAZO clinical uses

A

Intra-abdominal infections, HAP/VAP, SSTI, UTI

23
Q

First generation cephalosporins

A

Cefazolin, cefadroxil, cephalexin

24
Q

Cefazolin spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), klebsiella pneumoniae

25
Q

Cefazolin clinical uses

A

Endocarditis, cellulitis, UTI

26
Q

Second generation cephalosporins

A

Cefuroxime, cefprozil, cefaclor

27
Q

Cefuroxime spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), klebsiella pneumoniae, H. influenzae

28
Q

Cefuroxime clinical uses

A

Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, UTI

29
Q

Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, enterobacter

30
Q

Ceftazidime spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas

31
Q

Ceftriaxone clinical uses

A

Bacteremia, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, HAP/VAP (enterobacteriaceae), UTI

32
Q

Ceftazidime clinical uses

A

Bacteremia, HAP/VAP (stenotrophomonas/pseudomonas), intra-abdominal infections, UTI

33
Q

Cefepime spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas

34
Q

Cefepime clinical uses

A

Bacteremia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, HAP/VAP, UTIs

35
Q

Ceftaroline spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MRSA), serratia, H. influenzae, enterobacter

36
Q

Ceftaroline clinical uses

A

Bacteremia, pneumonia, SSTI

37
Q

Ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, serratia, pseudomonas, bacteroides fragilis

38
Q

Cefiderocol spectrum of activity

A

Serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas

39
Q

Ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, cefiderocol clinical uses

A

Bacteremia, HAP/VAP, intra-abdominal infections, UTI

40
Q

Aztreonam spectrum of activity

A

Serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas

41
Q

Aztreonam clinical uses

A

Ventriculitis/meningitis, HAP/VAP, Intra-abdominal infections, UTI

42
Q

Ertapenem spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, enterobacter, bacteroides fragilis

43
Q

Meropenem spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, staph aureus (MSSA), Serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas, bacteroides, fragilis

44
Q

Carbapenems clinical uses

A

Bacteremia, meningitis, HAP/VAP, intra-abdominal infections, UPPER UTIs

45
Q

Ciprofloxacin spectrum of activity

A

Strep pyrogenes, serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas

46
Q

Levofloxacin spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, serratia, atypicals, pseudomonas

47
Q

Moxifloxacin spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, serratia, atypicals, enterobacter, bacteroides fragilis

48
Q

Delafloxacin spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecilis, staph aureus (MRSA), serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas, bacteroides fragilis

49
Q

Fluoroquinolones clinical uses

A

Oropharyngeal (moxi), osteomyelitis, intra-abdominal infections (except moxi), CAP (except cipro), UTIs (except moxi)

50
Q

Doxycycline and minocycline spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, atypicals, staph aureus (MRSA)

51
Q

Tigecycline, omadacycline, eravacycline spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecium (VRE), staph aureus (MRSA), serratia, atypicals, enterobacter, bacteroides fragilis

52
Q

Tetracycline clinical uses

A

Intra-abdominal infections, HAP/VAP (except doxy), SSTI (doxy)

53
Q

Azithromycin spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, atypicals

54
Q

Azithromycin clinical uses

A

Sinusitis, bronchitis, CAP (in combo with beta lactams), STDs

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