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Anti-infectives Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purposed of antibiotic stewardship programs?

A

To optimize antibiotic use (right dose, drug, duration): effectively treat infections, prevent unnecessary use, combat resistance

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2
Q

T/F: Hospitals are not required to have an ASP program to be accredited by TJC

A

False

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3
Q

Hospital ASPs can help to increase infection cure rates while reducing

A

treatment failure, c. diff infection rates, adverse effects, antibiotic resistance, hospital costs and length of stay

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4
Q

What are examples of leadership commitment to ASPs?

A

Senior leadership has to be committed to having leaders that manage the program, who have right training, experience, oversight, leadership, have support from clinicians, program/department leads, pharmacy and therapeutics, infection prevention, are meeting regularly to check on goals, and microbiology involvement

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5
Q

How is senior leadership of ASPs held accountable?

A

Designative co-chairs who are often PharmD and MD

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6
Q

What reporting can ASPs provide to physicians to hold them accountable for antibiotic prescribing?

A

Comparisons of antibiotic prescribing in certain areas/units with other physicians

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7
Q

Penicillin spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, N. meningitidis

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8
Q

What are the core elements of ASP?

A

Hospital leadership commitment, accountability, pharmacy expertise, action, tracking, reporting, education

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9
Q

Penicillin common clinical applications

A

Neurosyphilis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, cellulitis

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10
Q

Aminopenicillins (ampicillin/amoxicillin) spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, H. influenzae

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11
Q

Aminopenicillins (ampicillin/amoxicillin) clinical uses

A

Meningitis, Endocarditis, Pneumonia, sinusitis, oropharyngeal infections, otitis media

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12
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins (nafcillin/oxacillin) spectrum of activity

A

S. pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA)

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13
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins (nafcillin/oxacillin) clinical uses

A

Meningitis, endocarditis

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14
Q

Vancomycin spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, staph aureus (MRSA)

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15
Q

Daptomycin and linezolid spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecium (VRE), staph aureus (MRSA)

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16
Q

Vancomycin clinical uses

A

bacteremia, meningitis, HAP/VAP

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17
Q

Daptomycin clinical uses

A

bacteremia (VRE), UTI, intra-abdominal infections

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18
Q

Linezolid clinical uses

A

bacteremia, UTI, intra-abdominal infections, HAP/VAP

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19
Q

Ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanate spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, staph aureus (MSSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, H. influenzae, bacteroides fragilis

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20
Q

AMP/SULB, AMOX/CLAV. clinical uses

A

Pneumonia/sinusitis/otitis media (beta-lactamase positive H. influ), HAP/VAP (amp/sulb only), UTI, SSTI

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21
Q

Piperacillin/tazobactam spectrum of activity

A

Enterococcus faecalis, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas, bacteroides fragilis

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22
Q

PIP/TAZO clinical uses

A

Intra-abdominal infections, HAP/VAP, SSTI, UTI

23
Q

First generation cephalosporins

A

Cefazolin, cefadroxil, cephalexin

24
Q

Cefazolin spectrum of activity

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), klebsiella pneumoniae

25
Cefazolin clinical uses
Endocarditis, cellulitis, UTI
26
Second generation cephalosporins
Cefuroxime, cefprozil, cefaclor
27
Cefuroxime spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), klebsiella pneumoniae, H. influenzae
28
Cefuroxime clinical uses
Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, UTI
29
Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, enterobacter
30
Ceftazidime spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas
31
Ceftriaxone clinical uses
Bacteremia, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, HAP/VAP (enterobacteriaceae), UTI
32
Ceftazidime clinical uses
Bacteremia, HAP/VAP (stenotrophomonas/pseudomonas), intra-abdominal infections, UTI
33
Cefepime spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas
34
Cefepime clinical uses
Bacteremia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, HAP/VAP, UTIs
35
Ceftaroline spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MRSA), serratia, H. influenzae, enterobacter
36
Ceftaroline clinical uses
Bacteremia, pneumonia, SSTI
37
Ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, serratia, pseudomonas, bacteroides fragilis
38
Cefiderocol spectrum of activity
Serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas
39
Ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, cefiderocol clinical uses
Bacteremia, HAP/VAP, intra-abdominal infections, UTI
40
Aztreonam spectrum of activity
Serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas
41
Aztreonam clinical uses
Ventriculitis/meningitis, HAP/VAP, Intra-abdominal infections, UTI
42
Ertapenem spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus (MSSA), serratia, H. influenzae, enterobacter, bacteroides fragilis
43
Meropenem spectrum of activity
Enterococcus faecalis, staph aureus (MSSA), Serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas, bacteroides, fragilis
44
Carbapenems clinical uses
Bacteremia, meningitis, HAP/VAP, intra-abdominal infections, UPPER UTIs
45
Ciprofloxacin spectrum of activity
Strep pyrogenes, serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas
46
Levofloxacin spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, serratia, atypicals, pseudomonas
47
Moxifloxacin spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, serratia, atypicals, enterobacter, bacteroides fragilis
48
Delafloxacin spectrum of activity
Enterococcus faecilis, staph aureus (MRSA), serratia, H. influenzae, pseudomonas, bacteroides fragilis
49
Fluoroquinolones clinical uses
Oropharyngeal (moxi), osteomyelitis, intra-abdominal infections (except moxi), CAP (except cipro), UTIs (except moxi)
50
Doxycycline and minocycline spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, atypicals, staph aureus (MRSA)
51
Tigecycline, omadacycline, eravacycline spectrum of activity
Enterococcus faecium (VRE), staph aureus (MRSA), serratia, atypicals, enterobacter, bacteroides fragilis
52
Tetracycline clinical uses
Intra-abdominal infections, HAP/VAP (except doxy), SSTI (doxy)
53
Azithromycin spectrum of activity
Strep pneumoniae, atypicals
54
Azithromycin clinical uses
Sinusitis, bronchitis, CAP (in combo with beta lactams), STDs

CDM (2 decks)

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