Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OU Practice Spring 2018 > Anti-infective Medications > Flashcards

Anti-infective Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Why IV anti-infectives?

A
  • Patient has “orders” for Nothing By Mouth (NPO)
  • Critically-ill patient
  • Therapeutic drug monitoring
  • Pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic considerations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Considerations for IV anti-infectives

A
  • verify allergies
  • diluent
  • dosing; organ dysfunction, weight based
  • volume
  • rate of administration
  • concentration-related medication errors
  • compatibility
  • continuous versus intermittent versus bolud
  • hypersensitivity
  • extravasation
  • storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the common anti-infectives?

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Vancomycin
  • Daptomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which drugs are in the Penicillin class?

A
  • Nafcillin
  • Penicillin G
  • Ampicillin/sulbactam (Unsayn®)
  • Piperacillin/sulbactam ( Zosyn®)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Naficillin

A
  • Fixed-dosing
  • Stable in an array of diluents
  • Administered as continuous (CI) or intermittent dosing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Naficillin cautions

A
  • contains 66mg of Na / 1g of Naficillin
  • extravasation
  • neurotoxicity with large IV doses, seizures
  • can lead to renal / hepatic dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Penicillin G

A
  • Fixed dosing in million units
  • contains Na and K salts
  • Stable in an array of diluents
  • Administered as CI or intermittent dosing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Penicillin G cautions

A
  • High doses may alter serum Na or K levels

- Avoid altering serum Na and K levels by administering at slower rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Piperacillin / sulbactam

A
  • Zosyn
  • Intermittent and extended-infusions
  • Dose adjust in renal dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Piperacillin / sulbactam cautions

A
  • Contains sodium: 54-64 mg Na/ 1g piperacillin

- Incompatible with certain aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ampicillin / sulbactam

A
  • Unasyn
  • Administer around-the-clock to avoid variations in peak and trough serum levels
  • Dose adjustment in renal dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ampicillin / sulbactam cautions

A
  • Contains sodium: 115 mg Na/ 1.5g of combination product

- Incompatible with aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which drugs are in the Cephalosporin class?

A
  • Cefazolin
  • Cefepime (Maxipime®)
  • Ceftriaxone (Rocephin®)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cefazolin

A
  • Intermittent and fixed dosing

- Dose adjustment in renal dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cefazolin cautions

A
  • Contains sodium: 48 mg Na/ g cefazolin

- Use cautiously in patients with penicillin allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cefepime

A
  • Maxipime®
  • Intermittent & extended infusions
  • Dose adjustment in renal dysfunction
17
Q

Cefepime cautions

A
  • Use cautiously in patients with penicillin allergy
  • Contains sodium: 83 mg Na/g cefepime
  • Caution for Neurotoxicity
  • Can lead to renal impairment
18
Q

Ceftriaxone

A
  • Rocephin®

- In patients with concurrent renal and hepatic impairment, maximum daily dose should not exceed 2 g

19
Q

Ceftriaxone cautions

A

Use cautiously in patients with penicillin allergy

20
Q

Ceftriaxone contraindications

A
  • Incompatible with calcium-containing solutions
  • Hyperbilirubinemic neonates
  • Concomitant use with IV calcium-containing solutions / products in neonates (≤28 days)
21
Q

What are the drugs in the aminoglycoside class?

A
  • Amikacin
  • Gentamycin
  • Tobramycin
22
Q

Aminoglycosides

A
  • Intermittent infusion
  • Weight-based dosing
  • Avoid in pregnant women
  • Monitor serum trough and peak concentrations
23
Q

Aminoglycosides cautions

A
  • Nephrotoxicity: Dose adjustment in renal dysfunction

- Neurotoxicity: Ototoxicity

24
Q

Vancomycin

A
  • Weight-based dosing
  • Administer IV
  • Dose adjustment in renal dysfunction
  • Can monitor serum trough concentration
25
Q

Vancomycin cautions

A
  • Extravasation

- Avoid rapid infusion -> can lead to “Red Man Syndrome” -> treat w/ Benadryl

26
Q

Daptomycin

A
  • Cubucin
  • Different formulations with varying reconstitution, diluents, preparation, storage, and shelf-life considerations
  • Incompatible with dextrose-containing solutions
  • Verify patient’s weight
  • Dose adjustment in renal dysfunction and pts on dialysis
27
Q

What are the anti-virals?

A
  • Acyclovir (Zovirax®)
  • Ganciclovir (Cytovene®)
  • Cidofovir (Vistide®)
28
Q

Acyclovir

A
  • Zovirax®
  • Verify patient’s weight
  • Use IV preparation with caution in patients with underlying neurologic abnormalities, serious hepatic or electrolyte abnormalities, or substantial hypoxia
  • Dose adjustment in renal dysfunction
  • Infuse over 1 hour -> Reduces risk of renal tubular damage
  • Ensure patient maintains adequate hydration
  • make sure pt is hydrated to decrease crystaluria
29
Q

Ganciclovir

A
  • Cytovene®
  • Verify patient’s weight
  • Slow infusion; Administer only into veins with good blood flow
  • Hazardous agent
30
Q

Cidofovir

A
  • Vistide®
  • Infuse over 1 hour
  • Hydrate with 1 L of NS IV over 1 to 2 hours immediately prior to cidofovir infusion.
  • If tolerated, a second liter may be administered over a 1- to 3-hour period at the start of or immediately following cidofovir infusion. –> Reduce risk of renal impairment
  • Hazardous agent
31
Q

What are the antifungals?

A
  • Eichinocandins
  • Fluconazole (Diflucan®)
  • Voriconazole (Vfend®)
32
Q

Voriconazole

A
  • Vfend®
  • Weight-based dosing
  • Drug-drug interactions
  • May need to change to oral formulation in patients with specific stages of renal impairment
  • Dose adjust in hepatic impairment
  • Monitor electrolytes - affects potassium
  • For certain instances, may monitor serum trough concentrations
  • Hazardous agent
33
Q

Fluconazole

A
  • Diflucan®
  • Do not use if cloudy or precipitated
  • Slow infusion; do not exceed 200 mg/hour
  • Dose adjust in renal impairment
  • Monitor hepatic function (can exacerbate acute liver injury)
  • Drug-drug interactions
  • Monitor potassium/magnesium
  • Hazardous agent
34
Q

Eichinocandins

A
  • Slow infusion

- Ensure central catheter is placed if high doses used to minimize infusionrelated reactions

35
Q

What are the drugs in the Eichinocandin class?

A
  • Micafungin (Mycamine®)
  • Caspofungin (Cancidas®)
  • Anidulafungin (Eraxis®)

OU Practice Spring 2018 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions