Anti infective Drugs II Flashcards
Properties of a virus
Intracellular- do not live outside host
Take over cells genetic material & kill host cell
viruses are spread by
inhalation, ingestion, inoculation
Common viral infections
Smallpox Warts influenza Resp infection HIV/AIDS Hep ABCDE
Viral infection
Latent infection
persists in an inactive form for months/ years
Viral infections
Oncoviruses
viral nucleic acid becomes integrated with host DNA which results in development of cancer
Antiviral MOA
inhibit replication by:
Blockig replication transcription, translation, of viral genetic material
does not destroy existing virus infected cells
Viruses controlled by antiviral medications
Herpes, Varicella zoster
Influenza
Hep ABC
Virus controlled by vaccine
Hep A&B Measles, mumps Tetnus Polio Meningitis
Goal of antivirals
limit the spread of the virus
Protection, symptom contro and reduction
people with a competent immune system have best response
How else can we prevent viral infections
Vaccines Cough etiquette Hand hygiene PPE isolation Harm reduction
Herpes drugs (2)
Acyclovir & Valacyclovir
Herpes Viral Infections are highly transmissible through ____.
contact
Herpes is curable Tor F
F it is not curable
Hereps- Outbreaks occur with periods of latency To F
F latency requires stimulant to present symptoms and can go moths without symptoms
Acyclovir drug is for best taken with
Herpes Simplex Virus
food
Acyclovir drug for herpes will do what for the pt
decrease viral shedding, pain, duration of genital herpes lesions
less itchy, pain, and heal faster
Adverse effect of Acyclovir
N&V, Fatigue, headache< nephrotoxicity, burning on application
Valacyclovir is a drug for
herpes simplex virus
valacyclovir is a oral prep for
recurrent genital herepes and zoster virus
indicated for less serious infection
Antiviral drugs are used to
treat infections caused by viruses other than HIV
Antiretrovial drugs are used to
treat infection caused by HIV just need to know their therapeutic effect not drug profiles
characteristic of Antiviral
Able to enter the cells that are infected with virus
Interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis or regulation or both
Prevent the fusion process
Some stimulate the body’s immune system
Chemoprophylaxis
administering a drug to prevent a disease
HIV is a _____ virus
retrovirus
a retrovirus is
a virus that enters its RNA to the DNA of a cell changing the genome
Anti- Retroviral Therapy
indicated for treatment ofHIV infection
prophylaxis(prevtnion) for infants/HCP at risk
Why wouldn’t we give Anti- Retroviral Therapy?
intolerance, drug toxicity, drug interactions
What would we teach a pt on Anti Retroviral Therapy
Compliance for success
Drug resistance possibility
life long therapy
when should we assess for adverse effects on anti retroviral drugs
2 times first month and ever 3 months after
Influenza A&B medications
Oseltamivir &
Zanamivir
when should treatment begin with influenza symptom onset
2 days
Indication for Influenza A orB
treating a uncomplicated acute illness in adults
Influenza A&B prevents budding irons from escaping infected cells which would reduce the duration of the illness
Oseltamivir is a medication for?
Influenza A&B
for prophylaxis 3 months or older or any age oral use what medication would be used
Oseltamivir
Adverse effects of Oseltamivir
N&V, skin reaction, insomnia, confusion, seizure
Zanamivir is a medication for
Influenza A&b
Zanamivir is used for prophylaxis of ____ and treatment for _____.
5 years and older
7 years and older
Zanamivir route is
inhalation
People with a respect disease should not use___ for Influenza A orB
Zanamivir
Adverse effects of Zanamivir
Dierrhea, Nausea, bronchospasm
What would nurses do before administering Anti viral medication
med history vitals nutirtion monitor dose monitor signs of opportunistic diseases
what can we teach a individual on Antiviral
prevention is best do not cure or prevent spread use gloves to apply wash hands Encourage vaccinations
TB is highly infective, most common sites are ___&___. Caused by inhalation &___.
lungs and lymphs
Droplet
Tb is spread through
blood and lymph
symptom of TB are
sickness, weakness, weight loss, night sweats, coughing, chest pain
Anti tubercular Drugs treat ___ forms of mycobacterium
All
Mycobacterium is more difficult to treat than most other bacterial infections T or F
T
multidrug resistance to TB is a public health crisis
True
First line drugs to mycobacterium
isoniazid (INH)
pyrazinamide
rifampin
ethambutol– initial 2 months
Effectiveness on Anti tubercular drugs depends on
type of infection dosing duration of treatment drug adherence drug combination
What is the drug of choice for active TB and post exposure prophylaxis
Isoniazid
Isoniazid MOA
inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis and interferes with metabolism
Adverse effects of Isoniazid
peripheral neuropathies
hepatotoxicity
ABD pain
Jaunidice
Drugs that interact with Isoniazid
Antacid/ decrease absorption
additive affect with rifampin/ increases CNS & hepatotoxicity
Rifampin MOA
inhibits RNA synthesis by blocking RnA transcription in mycobacterium
Rifampin indication
active TB
Rifampin Adverse effects
hepatitis discolouration of urine, stools ABD pain Diarrhea, nausea, heartburn Thrombocytopenia
Drugs that interact with Rifampin
increases metabolism of many drugs
decreases therapeutic effects of beta blockers
Pyrazinamide MOA
Oral only
convert pyrazinoic acid in susceptible strains or mycobacterium which lowers Ph of envirmoent
Bacteriostatic
Pyrazinamide Adverse effects
Hepatotoxicity Hyperuricemia- elevated acid malaise GI upset Dysuria
Contraindications for Anti TB drugs
Major liver/ kidney dysfunction
severe drug allergy
Chronic alcohol use
Nursing implication- inform pt treatment may last for __hr for Anti TB
24hr
Nursing implication if taking rifampin
secretions become red/brown
oral contraceptives might be ineffective
Inform pt they may still be infective proper prevention of spreading is crucial like.
hand washing
What are some examples of Fungi
Yeasts/molds
Dimorphric fungi
Pathogenic Fungi
These infections re also known as
Mycoses
what are the 4 types pf fungal infections
Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
superficial
Systemic
Candidiasis is a opportunistic Fungal Infection that is a mucosal infection that can occur in a healthy or non healthy immune system
True
Anti fungal MOA
Binds the alters the cell membrane
plus more slide 49
Polyenes- Amphotericin B
Antifungal
Highly toxic
Long half life
Adverse effects of Polyenes
Antifungal
Nephrotoxicity-reduces renal blood flow
Cardiac dysrhythmias
fever/ chills
N&v
Amphotericin B How to manage Adverse effects
Hydrate with NS
Administer lipid formations
Monitor & replace electrolytes
When to stop infusion for Amphotericin- Adverse effects
Is resp distress
O2, E, IV, IV steroids and airway management are required
Polyenes- Nystatin is used for ?
Candidiasis of skin and mucosa
Polyenes/ Nystatin is poorly absorbed T or F
true
Adverse effects of Polyene/Nystatin
N&V, diarrhea
rash
urticaria
Vaginal burning and itching
Azoles-are the largest group of anti fungal and may cause hepatitis
T
Fluconazole Diflucan is the drug of choice for localized _____
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by a yeast (a type of fungus)
OTC Azoles examples
Clotrimazole & Miconazole
Clotrimazole is topical/ intravaginally route
True
this is for oral/ vaginal candidiasis
Miconazole is a Fungacidal
true
Miconazole is used for..
Vulvovaginal candidiasis refers to vaginal and vulval symptoms caused by a yeast, most often Candida albicans.
Clotrimazole and Miconale have higher doses so therapy is _____ length
shorter
Contraindications of Antifungals
Hypersensitivity
liver failure
Renal Failue
Pregnancy
what would we monitor as a nurse ?
Vitals- IV q15-30 min
Labs
Adverse effects
Immunocompromised pt should avoid exposure to potted plants and flowers & damp environments
true these have fungus
