Anti infective Flashcards
anti- infective agents are
drugs designed to target foreign organisms that have invaded and infected the body of a human host.
Are anti infectives selectively toxic
no- they do not have the ability to affect only the invading proteins or enzyme systems.
Therapeutic actions of anti infective agents
act on cells by
- interfere with biosynthesis of cell wall
- prevent organism from using substances essential to their growth and development
- Interfere with protein synthesis
- DNA synthesis
Spectrum of anti infectives
narrow and broad
anti infectives in children
should be avoided-cause early sensitivity
pregnancy and anti infectives
no pregnancy no nursing- toxic effect to neonate
Older adults and anti infectives
susceptible of severe adverse affects-GI, renal and neurological effects, nutritional status and hydration.
Bacitracin
cell wall synthesis
can cause nephrotoxicity and superinfection
Vancomycin
cell wall synthesis intolerant to penicillin. oral or IV Staphylococcal infections may be highly toxic **red man syndrome- severe hypotension, fever, chills, paresthesia, and redness of neck and back.
goal of anti infectives
reduce the number of invading organisms to a point the human body can respond and take care of the infection
Bacteriocidal
Kill
Bacteriostasis
prevent from reproducing.
prophylaxis
anti infectives given as a means to prevent infection before they occur.
Adverse effects to anti infectives
damage to host cell
direct toxic effect on kidneys, GI N &V, Toxic to liver, neurotoxicity
superinfections
Superinfection
infections that occur when opportunistic pathogens that are normal flora have opportunity to invade normal tissues. Vaginal or yeast infections
