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PHARM CHAPT 8 > Anti-Infammatory Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-Infammatory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Oral Corticosteroids

A

dexamethasone - Decadron

prednisone

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2
Q

Parenteral Corticosteroids

A

cortisone acetate - Cortone

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3
Q

Topical Corticosteroids

A

hydrocortisone - Ala-Cort, Dermacort, Lanacort

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4
Q

How do systemic corticosteroids work?

A

Decrease production of body chemicals (mediators) that trigger inflammation and slow production of WBC in bone marrow

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5
Q

What are intended responses for corticosteroids?

A

Swelling at inflammation site reduced, redness and pain at site reduced, area affected by inflammation demonstrates increased function

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6
Q

What are side effects of systemic corticosteroids?

A

Hypertension, acne, insomnia, nervousness, increase blood glucose level

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7
Q

What are adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids?

A

Adrenal gland suppression, reduced immune function, delayed wound healing

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8
Q

Before administering Corticosteroids

A

Check dose and drug name, check symptoms for infection, check patients BP and weight - corticosteroids cause sodium and water retention that leads to high BP

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9
Q

After administering corticosteroids

A

Check vitals once per shift, minimize use of tape, weigh pt. for water retention

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10
Q

Patient teaching for corticosteroids

A

Never stop taking suddenly, if pt is ill drug can be given parenterally, wear medical alert bracelet, take in morning - if dose is higher take 2/3 in morning and 1/3 at night, take with food

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11
Q

What do topical corticosteroids do?

A

Relieve itching and skin rashes

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12
Q

What do topical corticosteroids come in?

A

Creams, ointments, pastes, lotions, foams, and gels

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13
Q

Patient teaching for topical corticosteroids

A

Apply thin layer just to area affected, they lower immunity in area applied, never apply to area that may be infected

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14
Q

Side effects for topical corticosteroids

A

Acne, thinning of skin, changes in skin color

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15
Q

NSAIDs

A

Taken for pain or inflammation - used for fever, arthritis, rheumatologic disorders, gout, systemic lupus, pain after surgery, menstural cramps, blood clots

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16
Q

Common COX-1 inhibitors

A

Salicylic acid - aspirin
Propionic acid - ibuprofen, Motrin
Acetic acid - indomethacin, Indocid

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17
Q

Common Cox-2 inhibitors

A

celecoxib - Celebrex

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18
Q

How NSAIDs work

A

To inhibit action of COX enzyme

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19
Q

COX-1

A

Enzyme found in normal cells - purpose is to help make different types of prostaglandins

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20
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Chemicals made by body - some cause signs and symptoms of inflammation - help cells and tissues remain healthy and functional

21
Q

COX-2

A

Enzyme found in inflammatory cells - purpose is to help make mediators of inflammatory response

22
Q

Leukotriene

A

Chemical made by body that binds to its receptors and maintains inflammatory response

23
Q

Kinins

A

Chemical made by body that cause signs and symptoms of inflammation, especially pain - most common is bradykinin

24
Q

Intended responses for NSAIDs

A

Redness, pain, swelling, warmth, fever reduced, body function in affected area increased

25
Q

Side effects of NSAIDs

A

Bleeding problems, GI ulcers/pain, fluid retention, hypertension

26
Q

Adverse effects of NSAIDs

A

Induction of asthma, allergic reaction, kidney damage - avoided by patient with angina or high blood cholesterol levels

27
Q

Before administering NSAIDs

A

Before giving celecoxib, ask patient if allergic to sulfa antibiotics, ask if patient had problems with any other NSAID, give with full glass of water or milk, check patient BP (NSAIDs cause patient to retain sodium and water)

28
Q

After administering NSAIDs

A

Examine patients for increased bleeding, check BP, breathing pattern, O2

29
Q

Patient teaching for NSAIDs

A

Always take with food, do not chew, check BM for signs of bleeding, check for signs of bleeding, do not take aspirin, take celecoxib as prescribed

30
Q

Antihistamines

A

Reduce inflammation, end in -ine

31
Q

Common antihistamines

A

cetirizine - Zyrtec
diphenhydramine - Benadryl
loratadine - Claritin

32
Q

H1 receptors

A

Located in blood vessels and respiratory mucous membranes - most antihistamines are H1

33
Q

H2 receptors

A

Located in stomach lining

34
Q

How do antihistamines work?

A

Bond to H1 receptor sites in respiratory mucous membranes, blood vessels, heart muscle, and skin

35
Q

Intended responses of antihistamines

A

Blood vessels do not dilate, swelling reduced, mucous, nasal, eye, and respiratory secretions reduced, narrowed airways widen, hives decreased

36
Q

Side effects of antihistamines

A

Sleepiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, urinary retention

37
Q

Adverse effects of antihistamines

A

Seizures, intraocular pressure, allergic reactions

38
Q

Before administering antihistamines

A

Ask patient if being treated for glaucoma, high BP, or prostate enlargement (antihistamines can make these problems worse), check to see if taking opioids

39
Q

After administering antihistamines

A

Check BP, pulse, and respiratory rate at least q4hr,

40
Q

Patient teaching for antihistamines

A

No alcohol, avoid driving, remind them of dry mouth, do not take during acute asthma attacks

41
Q

How leukotriene inhibitors work

A

Montelukast - Singulair - block leukotriene receptors on cells

42
Q

Common Leukotriene inhibitors

A

montelukast sodium - Singulair

43
Q

Intended responses for leukotriene inhibitors

A

Swelling of oral, nasal, eye, and respiratory mucous membranes reduced, secretions reduced, narrowed airways opened

44
Q

Side effects of leukotriene inhibitors

A

Headache and abdominal pain

45
Q

Adverse effects of leukotriene inhibitors

A

Liver impairment and allergic reactions

46
Q

Before administering leukotriene inhibitors

A

Ask patient about liver problems, check baseline liver function tests

47
Q

After administering leukotriene inhibitors

A

Asses patient for signs and symptoms of decreased liver function (constant fatigue, itchy skin, yellowing of skin or sclera), asses patient taking montelukast (Singulair) for mood changes

48
Q

Patient teaching for leukotriene inhibitors

A

Report any skin yellowing, pain over liver area, or darkening of urine

PHARM CHAPT 8 (1 decks)

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