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Pharmacology B2 > Anti Hypertensives > Flashcards

Anti Hypertensives Flashcards

Questions from lecture

1
Q
  1. What is the definition of hypertension?
A

Normal <120/80 (systolic/diastolic)
Three times of measurement within one month

Elevated: 120‐130/80 mmHg
Stage I: 130-139/80 –89 mmHg
Stage II: >140/90 mmHg
Hypertension crisis: > 180/120 mmHg

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2
Q
  1. What is MOA of clonidine? Uses? ADR? What happens if stopping clonidine suddenly?
A

A1 agonist MOA : decrease sympathetic output, decrease TPR and HR.

Use: HTN urgency, Clonidine for opiate and ethanol and smoking withdrawal

ADR: Depression (clonidine more severe)
Dry mouth (clonidine)
Sudden withdrawal—hypertension crisis (clonidine)

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3
Q
  1. What is MOA of methyldopa? Uses? ADR?
A

A1 agonist MOA : decrease sympathetic output, decrease TPR and HR.

Methyldopa for HTN in pregnancy

ADR: Coombs test positive-hemolytic anemia

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4
Q
  1. What is the MOA of guanethidine? ADR?
A

up-taken by NET–replaces norepinephrine from vesicle,cytosolic NE then is degraded by MonoAmine Oxidase—depleting NE in vesicle–inhibitsvesicle fusion with membrane, inhibits vesicularnorepinephrine release. Guanethidine DOES NOT cross BBB

Side effects:–Orthostatic hypotension–Diarrhea–Edema–Sexual dysfunction (delayed or retrograde ejaculation)Anti hypertension effect can be inhibited by NET blockers (cocaine, tricyclic antidepressants).

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5
Q
  1. What is the MOA of reserpine? ADR?
A

MOA: inhibits vesicular membrane-associated transporter (VMAT) -prevents dopamine and norepinephrine vesicle uptake -depletes norepinephrine in nerve terminal vesicles crosses BBB

Side effects: Depression (due to decrease NE, serotonin in CNS) Diarrhea Increase gastric acid secretion Depression Peptic ulcer history

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6
Q
  1. What is the MOA of prazosin? Tamsulosin?
A

Blocks irreversiblyα1 andα2:phenoxybenzamine
Blocks reversiblyα1 andα2:phentolamine•

Block α1 reversibly:
–Prazosin, terazosin,tamsulosin,doxazosin

Uses:
–Unselective α blockers for hypertension emergency by IV

–Selective α1 blockers: hypertension + benign prostate hypertrophy

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7
Q
  1. Why tamsulosin can treat hypertension with BPH?
A

doxazosin or terazosin may further lower BP and associated with orthostatic hypotension. Tamsulosin achieves relaxation of the smooth muscle of the prostate, as do terazosin and doxazosin, but w/o provoking changes in BP, esp orthostatic hypotension.

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8
Q
  1. What is the ADR of α1 blockers?
A

ADR:first dose effect (phenomena)(orthostatic hypotension)

– oralα1blockers

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9
Q
  1. Which type of B blocker is contraindicated in asthma?
A

Drugs that block β2 receptor

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10
Q
  1. What are the three drugs which block both α and β receptor? Uses?
A

carvedilol reduce mortality in patients with heart failure, labetalol (hypertension emergency and pheochromocytoma.) & bucindolol - rejected by FDA to treat heart failure in 2009

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11
Q
  1. What is the MOA of hydralazine? ADR?
A

x

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12
Q
  1. What is the MOA of nitroprusside? ADR? Uses?
A

x

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13
Q
  1. What is the MOA of minoxidil? ADR?
A

x

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14
Q
  1. What is the MOA of diazoxide? ADR?
A

x

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15
Q
  1. What is the MOA of fenoldopam? Uses? Advantage?
A

x

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16
Q
  1. What drug inhibits renin? What consequence for renin-system?
A

x

17
Q
  1. What serious ADR of ACEI?
A

x

18
Q
  1. Which drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy due to affecting renal genesis?
A

x

19
Q
  1. What is the advantage to use ATI receptor blockers than ACEI?
A

x

20
Q
  1. Which drugs are contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis? Why?
A

x

21
Q
  1. Which drugs are the first choice for diabetic nephropathy?
A

x

22
Q
  1. Which drugs are used for hypertensive crisis?
A

x

23
Q
  1. What are the symptoms if stopping β blockers suddenly?
A

x

24
Q
  1. Which drugs cause depression the most?
A

x

25
Q
  1. TCA abolish which drugs’ anti hypertension effect?
A

x

26
Q
  1. What are the changes on renin-angiotension I –II—Aldosterone-Bradykinin levels after β-blockers, Aliskiren, ACEI, losartan?
A

x

Pharmacology B2 (10 decks)

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