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Pharm > anti-hypertensives > Flashcards

anti-hypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

nitroprusside - duration of action

A

short acting

acts within minutes

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2
Q

tx for malignant hypertension

A 
nitroprusside
nicardipine
clevidipine
labetolol
fenoldopam
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3
Q

nitroprusside - mechanism of action

A

vasodilator

  • generates NO, which activates guanylyl cyclase and increases cGMP
  • acts on arterioles > venules
  • decreases PVR (afterload) and venous return (preload)
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4
Q

nitroprusside - toxicity

A

cyanide toxicity - generates cyanide –> (tx: buffer CN w/ Na nitrite to convert Hb to MetHb, infuse Na thiosulfate to convert CN to thiocyanate)
rapid decrease in MAP

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5
Q

nitroprusside - clinical uses

A
  • hypertensive crisis / malignant hypertension
  • achieve hypotension in SURGERY
  • ICU management of decompensated heart failure
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6
Q

nitroprusside - clinical uses

A

hypertensive crisis / malignant hypertension
achieve hypotension in SURGERY
ICU management of decompensated heart failure

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7
Q

nitropress (trade name)

A

nitroprusside (generic name)

a.k.a. SNP (sodium nitroprusside)

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8
Q

nifedipine - type of antihypertensive

A

calcium channel blocker (CCB) - dihydropyridine

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9
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB

  • blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels (dihydropyridine, L-type)
  • relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR (afterload) –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex tachycardia (increase in sympathetic drive and HR)
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10
Q

nitroprusside - type of antihypertensive

A

vasodilator

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11
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB

  • blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels
  • relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR (afterload) –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex tachycardia (increase in sympathetic drive and HR)
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12
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB

  • blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels
  • relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR (afterload) –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex increase in sympathetic drive and HR
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13
Q

nifedipine - type of antihypertensive

A

calcium channel blocker (CCB) - dihydropyridine

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14
Q

nifedipine - type of antihypertensive

A

calcium channel blocker (CCB) - VSM selective

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15
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB

  • blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels
  • relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex increase in sympathetic drive and HR
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16
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB
-blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels
-relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex increase in sympathetic drive and HR
-

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17
Q

nifedipine - type of antihypertensive

A

calcium channel blocker

18
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

x

19
Q

nifedipine - duration of action

A

x

20
Q

nifedipine - clinical uses

A

prevention of vasospasm after SAH

21
Q

nifedipine - toxicity

A

x

22
Q

nifedipine - selectivity

A

VSM selective

23
Q

procardia (trade name)

A

nifedipine (generic name)

24
Q

nifedipine - clinical uses

A
  • CAD
  • HTN
  • SVT
  • prevention of vasospasm after SAH
25
Q

nifedipine - clinical uses

A
  • CAD
  • HTN
  • SVT
  • prevention of vasospasm after SAH

**less effective post-MI than beta blockers

26
Q

nifedipine - adverse effects

A

x

27
Q

procardia (trade name)

A

nifedipine (generic name)

28
Q

nifedipine - contraindications

A

*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR –> decr MAP –> incr sympathetics and HR)

29
Q

nifedipine - adverse effects

A
  • dizziness
  • nausea
  • HA
  • flushing
  • hypoTN
  • peripheral edema
  • arrhythmia (prolonged QT, V-tach)
  • constipation
  • *gingival inflammation/hyperplasia
30
Q

nifedipine - contraindications

A

*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR –> decr MAP –> incr sympathetics and HR)

31
Q

nifedipine - adverse effects

A
  • *gingival inflammation/hyperplasia
  • hypoTN
  • HA
  • peripheral edema
  • dizziness
  • flushing

*arrhythmia (prolonged QT, V-tach)

32
Q

nifedipine - contraindications

A

*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR –> decr MAP –> reflex tachycardia)

33
Q

nifedipine - contraindications

A

*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR –> decr MAP –> reflex tachycardia)

34
Q

nifedipine - clinical uses

A
  • HTN
  • anti-anginal (e.g. angina pectoris, Prinzmetal angina)
  • CAD
  • prevention of vasospasm after SAH
  • tocolytic (premature labor)
  • Raynaud’s
  • *less effective post-MI than beta blockers
  • *NOT for arrhythmia
35
Q

procardia (trade name)

adalat

A

nifedipine (generic name)

36
Q

nifedipine - clinical uses

A
  • HTN (3rd line, except in AA - 1st line)
  • anti-anginal (e.g. angina pectoris, Prinzmetal angina)
  • CAD
  • prevention of vasospasm after SAH
  • tocolytic (premature labor)
  • Raynaud’s
  • *less effective post-MI than beta blockers
  • *NOT for arrhythmia (not cardio-selective)
37
Q

nifedipine - clinical uses

A
  • HTN (3rd line, except in AA - 1st line)
  • anti-anginal (e.g. angina pectoris, Prinzmetal angina)
  • CAD
  • prevention of vasospasm after SAH
  • tocolytic (premature labor) - comparable to Mg, fewer SE
  • Raynaud’s
  • *less effective post-MI than beta blockers
  • *NOT for arrhythmia (not cardio-selective)
38
Q

nifedipine - adverse effects

A
  • *gingival inflammation/hyperplasia
  • hypoTN
  • HA
  • reflex tachycardia
  • peripheral edema
  • dizziness
  • flushing
39
Q

procardia (trade name)

adalat - sustained release

A

nifedipine (generic name)

40
Q

nifedipine - contraindications

A

*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR –> decr MAP –> reflex tachycardia)

41
Q

nifedipine - drug-drug interactions

A

grapefruit - increases drug level

Pharm (5 decks)

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