Anti-Hypertensives

Question 1

Name the Tier 1 classes of anti-hypertensives

Answer 1

ACE-Inhibitor
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
Beta-Blocker
Calcium Channel Blocker
Diuretics

Question 2

Give an example of an ACE-inhibitor. Explain its mechanism of action.

Answer 2

Lisinopril

1) Prevents conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, causing reduction in vasoconstriction and aldosterone release.
2) Preventa breakdown of bradykinin, therefore bradykinin accumulates to cause vasodilation.

Question 3

List the adverse effects of ACE inhibitor.

Answer 3

Contraindicated in pregnancy
Severe hypotension due to reduced vasoconstriction
Angioedema due to increased capillary permeability by bradykinin
Dry cough
Acute renal failure
Hyperkalema

Question 4

Give an example of an Angiotensin II receptor blocker. Explain its mechanism of action.

Answer 4

Losartan

Prevents Ang II from binding to Ang II Type 1 receptor, blocking effects of Ang II.

Question 5

List the adverse effects of Angiotensin II receptor blocker.

Answer 5

Contraindicated in pregnancy
No dry cough

Question 6

Give an example of a beta-blocker. Explain its mechanism of action.

Answer 6

Bisoprolol.

Beta-2 adrenoceptor antagonist that reduces vasoconstriction

Question 7

List the adverse effects of beta-blockers.

Answer 7

Caution use in asthmatic patients
Hypotension
Bradycardia
AV nodal block
Bronchoconstriction