Anti-Hypertensive Flashcards
Ace Inhibitors
Suppresses RAA system and simultaneously inhibits bradykinin degradation
Ace inhibitors adverse effect
Common: photosensitivity, reduced vision, headache, hypotension, conjunctivitis
Distinguishing: cough, taste disturbances
SERIOUS ADVERSE EFFECTS
Hypersensitivity: angioedema*, eyelid edema
Ocular: blur, dry eyes, conjunctival or retinal hemes#, diplopia
( ACE Inhibitors)
Benazepril
Lotensin
Captopril
Capoten
Enalapril
Vasotec
Lisinopril
Prinivil
Zestil
Quinapril
Accupril
(Angiotensin II receptor antagonist ARBs)
Losartan
Cozaar
No cough
(Anti arrhythmic)
Amiodarone
Cordarone
> 400mg Whorl Keratopathy
( Beta Blockers)
Metoprolol-hydrochlorothiazide
Lopressor
Atenolol
Tenormin
Metoprolol Succinate
Toprol XL
Labetalol
Trandate
Propranolol
Inderal
( Calcium Channel Blockers)
Diltiazem Hydrochloride
Cordizem
Nifedipine
Procardia
Verapamil
Calan
Isoptin
Amlopidine
Norvasc
( cGMP increaser )
Hydralazine
Apresoline
Mechanism of Action
Directly dilates peripheral vessels via hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle which thus inhibits Ca++ influx (depolarization)
( Antieurythmics )
Digoxin
Lanoxin
( Alpha 2 Agonist )
Clonidine
Catapres
Mechanism of Action
Stimulates central and spinal alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (pre-synaptic and post-junctional)
( Diuretic)
Hydrochlorithiazide
Microzide
Esidrix
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits reabsorption of NaCl at distal convoluted tubule
Hydrochlorodiazide Triamterene
Maxzide
Dyazide
Chlorothiazide
Diuril
Furosemide
Lasix
Hypokalemia
Nephrotoxic
Mannitol
Osmitrol
Spironolactone
Aldactone
Antagonizes aldosterone receptors in distal convoluted tubule resulting in sodium/water loss and potassium retention
Triamterene
Dyrenium
Valsartan
Diovan
ARBs
Adverse effects / Drug interactions
Common: h/a, dizziness
Hypersensitivity: Angioedema, vasculitis
DRUG INTERACTIONS
NSAIDs (antagonism)
Cyclosporine (hyperkalemia)
CC-blockers
AE/ DI
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Common: headache, dizziness
Ocular: conjunctivitis, diplopia, pain
DRUG INTERACTIONS Dexamethasone (enhance metabolism) Cyclosporine, erythromycins, azoles (suppress metabolism) Ophthalmic Alpha-2 agonists (additive) Ophthalmic Beta-blockers (additive)
Terazosin - alpha -1 receptor blocker
Hytrin
Beta-Blockers MOA
Selective competitive antagonism of β1 receptors reducing systolic BP and CO via negative inotropic and chronotropic effects
Central acting inhibition of sympathetic outflow
Suppression of renin activity
Beta-Blockers AE
Common: visual disturbances, Decrease tear secretion -> dry eye syndrome, headache
Distinguishing: depression, STM loss
Ocular: increased migrainous scotomata, reduced IOP, glaucoma progression, exacerbation of myasthenia gravis
Diuretic MOA
Inhibits reabsorption of NaCl at
proximal/distal convoluted tubule & loop of Henle
Furosemide AE
Common: blurred vision, hypotension, pruritus
Hypersensitivity: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme
CVS: Decrease K+, vasculitis
Hematology: Anemia
Furosemide DI
Aminoglycosides (additive nephrotoxicity)
NSAIDs (induced ototoxicity & antagonism)
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (prolong QT interval)
Erythromycins (prolong QT interval)
Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
Hydrochlorothiazide-AE
Common: photosensitivity, headache
Hypersensitivity: Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Hematology: Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Ocular: Angle closure glaucoma
Hydrochlorothiazide-DI
DRUG INTERACTIONS
CAIs (synergy)
NSAIDs (antagonistic)
Erythromycins (QT prolongation)
Spironolactone AE/DI
Common: headache
Distinguishing: gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities
IMPORTANT DRUG INTERACTIONS
Cyclosporine (hyperkalemia)
NSAIDs (reduced BP lowering)
Clonodine AE/DI
ADVERSE EFFECTS
Common: headache, dizziness
Serious: angioedema
Hydralazin AE/DI
Common: headache, lupus erythematosus
NSAIDs (antagonistic)
