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Pharmacology semester 3 Test 1 > Anti HTN > Flashcards

Anti HTN Flashcards

1
Q

Contraindications for thiazides diuretics

A

Hyperuricemia, gout, sulfa allergy

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2
Q

ADRs for thiazides diuretics

A

Hypo Na, Mg, K
Hyperglycemia
Inc cholesterol
Sexual dysfunction

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3
Q

DDIs for thiazides

A

Dec by NSAIDs

Increases lithium levels

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4
Q

Examples of thiazides

A 
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothalidone
Chlorothiazide
Indapamide
Metolazone
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5
Q

Loop diuretics MOA

A

Block Na reabsorption in ascending loop of Henle, powerful natriuresis

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6
Q

Loop diuretics precautions

A

Profound diuresis

Monitor fluids, renal function, electrolyte status

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7
Q

Contraindications for loop diuretics

A

Sulfa allergy

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8
Q

ADRs for loop diuretics

A 
Hypo Ca and K
Renal affects
Hyperglycemia hyperuricemia 
Pancreatitis, hepatic damage
Sexual dysfunction ototoxicity
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9
Q

DDIs for loops

A

Dec by NSAIDs

Inc lithium levels

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10
Q

Loop diuretics examples

A

Furosemide
Toresemide
Bumetanide
Ethacrynic acid

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11
Q

K sparing diuretics MOA

A

Block reabsorption of Na in collecting duct but reduce K secretion into urine

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12
Q

Precautions of K sparing diuretics

A

Can cause hyperkalemia

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13
Q

ADRs of K sparing diuretics

A 
HypoNa
Inc BUN/Cr
Jaundice
H/a
N/v/d
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14
Q

DDIs K sparing diuretics

A

ACE inhibitors-hyperkalemia
NSAIDs
Lithium

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15
Q

Examples of K sparing diuretics

A

Spironolactone
Amiloride
Triamterene

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16
Q

ACE inhibitor MOA

A

Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) and blocks degradation of bradykinin (a vasodilator) to reduce peripheral vascular resistance

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17
Q

Precautions of ACE inhibitors

A

Can cause renal failure if b/l renal artery stenosis

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18
Q

CI for ACE inhibitors

A

Angioedema
B/l renal stenosis
PREGNANCY

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19
Q

ADRs for ACE inhibitors

A 
Nonproductive cough 
Rash
Angioedema
Hyperkalemia
Dec renal function
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20
Q

DDIs for ACE inhibitors

A

Effects inc with diuretics
Hyperkalemia w/ K sparing drugs
Inc lithium levels
Dec by NSAIDs

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21
Q

Examples of ACE inhibitors

A

Enalapril
Quinacrine
Benazapril

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22
Q

ARB MOA

A

Blocks binding of angiotensin II to its receptors in vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation

23
Q

ADRs for ARBs

A 
Similar to ACE:
Rash
Angioedema
Hyperkalemia
URI
24
Q

Examples of ARBs

A

Losartan

Valsartan

25
Q

CCB MOA

A

Blocks Ca ion channels in plasma membrane of smooth muscle to vasodilate

26
Q

CI for Verapamil and diltiazem

A

Hypotension
Cardiogenic shock
Sick sinus syndrome
2nd or 3rd degree heart block

27
Q

ADRs for CCBs

A 
Constipation 
Bradycardia
Flushing
CHF, heart block, hypotension
Reflex tachycardia
Syncope and heart block and sinus arrest for nifedipine
28
Q

DDIs for verapamil and diltiazem

A

Digoxin
Amiodarone
Azoles
Others

29
Q

Examples of DHP CCBs

A

Amlodipine
Delodipine
Israpidine
Nicardipine

30
Q

Examples of non-DHP CCBs

A

Diltiazem

Verapamil

31
Q

Precautions for beta blockers

A

Reflex tachycardia

Need cardio selective in DM and bronchospastic dz

32
Q

CI for beta blockers

A 
Sinus bradycardia
2nd or 3rd degree heart block
Heart failure
Cardiogenic shock
Sick sinus syndrome
Peripheral artery dz
33
Q

ADRs for beta blockers

A 
Bradycardia
CHF 
Hypotension
Broncho constriction
Sexual dysfunction
Will mask sxs of hypoglycemia
34
Q

DDIs for beta blockers

A

Digoxin

CCBs

35
Q

Examples of non selective beta blockers

A

Propranolol
Nadolol
Timolol

36
Q

Examples of cardioselective beta blockers

A 
Atenolol
Metoprolol 
Betaxolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivulol
37
Q

Beta blockers with ISA activity- less bradycardia

A

Acebutolol
Penbutolol
Pindolol

38
Q

Alpha and beta blocker examples

A

Carvedilol

Labetalol

39
Q

Alpha 1 blocker MOA

A

Blocks vasoconstriction of peripheral vascular smooth muscle

Can increase heart rate and contractility and fluid retention

40
Q

Precautions for alpha blockers

A

Orthostatic hypotension and syncope so give at night

41
Q

ADRs of alpha blockers

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Sexual dysfunction
Reflex tachycardia
Dry mouth

42
Q

Examples of alpha blockers

A

All end in azosin
Doxazosin
Terazosin
Prazosin

43
Q

Centrally acting agents used for

A

Refractory HTN after other agents fail

44
Q

Precautions for centrally acting agents

A

Avoid rapid withdrawal to avoid rebound HTN a
Caution in elderly
Avoid TCA use
CNS depression

45
Q

Centrally acting agents

A

Clonidine
Methyl dopa
Guanethidine and reserpine

46
Q

Centrally acting agent that can cause Coombs positive hemolytic anemia

A

Methyl dopa

47
Q

ADRs of direct vasodilators

A

Reflex tachycardia
Angina
Myocardial ischemia

48
Q

Examples of direct vasodilators

A

Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Sodium nitroprusside
Diazoxide

49
Q

Unique ADRS for hydralazine

A

Lupus like syndrome

50
Q

Cyanide toxicity is concern is which drug

A

Sodium nitroprusside

51
Q

Direct renin inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

52
Q

Combo products

A

Benazapril and amlodipine
Benazapril and HCTZ
Bisopril and HCTZ

53
Q

IV options for hypertensive emergency

A 
Beta blockers
Nitros 
Hydralazine 
Dopamine receptor agonists good for renal dysfunction 
CCBs
ACE inhibitor
54
Q

Thiazides diuretics MOA

A

Block NaCl reabsorption at distal convoluted tubules; cell membrane alteration

Pharmacology semester 3 Test 1 (7 decks)

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