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Mycology > Anti-Fungal Agents > Flashcards

Anti-Fungal Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Polyenes

A 
Amphotericin B (systemic)
Nystatin (topical)
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2
Q

Polyene structure

A

Amphiphilic rod with large lactone ring

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3
Q

Polyene mechanism of action

A

Binds to ergosterol and forms ion channels in membrane

Oxidation also generates toxic free radicals

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4
Q

Polyene mechanism of resistance

A

Reduce amount of ergosterol in membrane

Replace ergosterol with fecosterol

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5
Q

Flucytosine

A

5-fluorocytosine

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6
Q

Flucytosine structure

A

Cytosine analogue

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7
Q

Flucytosine mechanism of action

A

Taken into fungal cell by permease and then converted to 5-FU by cytosine deaminase
5-FU incorporated into 5-FUMP–>interferes with thymidylate synthetase

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8
Q

Flucytosine mechanism of resistance

A

Mutated permease, cytosine deaminase

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9
Q

Azoles

A

Imidazoles and triazoles

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10
Q

Azoles mechanism of action

A

Block lanosterol demethylation–>no ergosterol synthesis

All effective against yeast forms of fungi

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11
Q

Azoles mechanism of resistance

A

Alter target enzyme to bind less drug or increase target enzyme’s expression
Active efflux–pump it out before it can work

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12
Q

Echinocandins

A

Caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin

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13
Q

Echinocandins structure

A

High MW semi-synthetic lipopeptide

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14
Q

Echinocandin mechanism of action

A

Interfere with B-1,3-glucan synthesis

Relatively non-toxic because mammals don’t have this

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15
Q

Echinocandin mechanism of resistance

A

Mutation in gene responsible for B-glucan synthesis

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16
Q

Allylamines

A

Terbinafine (systemic)

Naftifine (topical)

17
Q

Allylamine structure

A

Bicyclic with long hydrocarbon tail

18
Q

Allylamine mechanism of action

A

Inhibit squalene epoxidase (Required for ergosterol synthesis)
Lipophilic–excellent for infections of skin, hair, and nails

19
Q

Allylamine mechanism of resistance

A

Active efflux of drug from fungal cell

20
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Disrupts microtubules and interferes with cell division

21
Q

Tolnaftate

A

Derivative of naphthiomate, distorts hyphae and stunts mycelial growth

Mycology (7 decks)

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