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N&M Parma > Anti-Diabetic Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-Diabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Non pharmacological treatment of diabetes

A

Diet control
Weight reduction
Stop smoking
Avoid stress or drugs that increase blood glucose
Regular check for any complications of diabetes

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2
Q

Pharmacological treatments of type 1

A

Insulin
Insulin sensitizers
Amylin analogue

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3
Q

Pharmacological treatments of type 2

A

Secretagogues
Insulin sensitizers
Others
Insulin

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4
Q

Insulin types

A

Rapid acting
Short acting
Intermediate
Long acting

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5
Q

Types of rapid acting insulin

A

Insulin lispro
Insulin aspart
Insulin glulisine

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6
Q

Types of long acting insulin

A

Insulin glargine
Insulin detemir
Insulin degludec

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7
Q

Which insulin precipitate due to pH change ?

A

Insulin glargine

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8
Q

Which insulin has a fatty acid ?

A

Insulin detemir

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9
Q

NPH insulin is precipitated with ……..

A

Protamine and/or zinc

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10
Q

Regimens for insulin in common use

A

Basal-bolus regime

Twice daily injections

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11
Q

Which insulin is used in diabetic emergencies

A

Regular

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12
Q

Insulin interactions

A

Alcohol and beta-blockers \/

Glucocorticoids, diuretics, diazoxide, oral contraceptives /\

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13
Q

Adverse effects of insulin

A 
Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Local effects ( Hypertrophy or Loss )
Hypersensitivity 
Immune insulin resistance
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14
Q

Example of Secretagogues

A

Sulphonylureas
GPL-1 analogues
DPP-4 inhibitors

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15
Q

Examples of Sulphonylureas

A

Gliclazide (Diamicron)

Glimepiride (Amaryl)

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16
Q

Adverse effects of Sulphonylureas

A

Hypoglycemia

Weight gain

17
Q

Mechanism of action of Sulphonylureas

A

Bind to beta cells > Blocking of Katp changes > Insulin secretion

18
Q

Sulphonylureas require at least …………. of functioning beta cells

A

30%

19
Q

Examples of Meglitinide analogues

A

RepaGlinide

NateGlinide

20
Q

Mechanism of action of Meglitinide analogues

A

Similar to Sulphonylureas but different site

21
Q

Advantage of Meglitinide analogues

A

Rapidly acting

22
Q

Examples of incretins (GPL-1 analogues)

A

Exenatide

23
Q

Advantage of GPL-1 analogues (Exenatide)

A

It resist DPP-4 degeneration

24
Q

Adverse effects of GPL-1 analogues (Exenatide)

A

Nausea (50%)

Weight reduction

25
Q

Examples of DPP-4 inhibitors

A

Sitagliptin

26
Q

Examples of insulin sensitizers

A

Biguanides

Glitazones (TZDs)

27
Q

Examples of biguanides

A

Metformin

28
Q

Mechanism of action of metformin

A

Reduce gluconeogenesis from liver

Increase glucose uptake and oxidation by skeletal muscles

Reduce insulin resistance

29
Q

Adverse effects of metformin

A

GIT upsets
Lactic acidosis
Should be withdrawn before contrast X-ray

30
Q

Examples of Glitazones (TZDs)

A

PioGlitazone

RosiGlitazone

31
Q

Adverse effects of Glitazones (TZDs)

A

Weight gain
Fluid retention
Decrease bone density

32
Q

Contraindications of Glitazones (TZDs)

A

Heart failure
Acute coronary syndrome
Hepatic impairments

N&M Parma (2 decks)

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