Anti-Biotics

Question 1

How do tetracyclines work?

Answer 1

Bind to 30s ribosomal subunit and prevent binding of incoming tRNA to A site

Question 2

What are some conditions we treat w/ oral tetracyclines?

Answer 2

Acne rosacea, MGD, recurrent corneal erosions, non-infectious corneal ulcers

Question 3

How is tetracycline dosed?

Answer 3

250mg qid for 2-6 wks

Taper

Question 4

ADR of tetracycline

Answer 4

Hard on the stomach

Question 5

How is doxycycline dosed?

Answer 5

50-100mg qd-bid

Question 6

ADR of doxycycline

Answer 6

Photosensitivity

Question 7

How do macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin) work?

Answer 7

Bind to 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibit elongation of peptidoglycan chain

Question 8

How would we treat HS to Staph in children?

Answer 8

erythromycin 250mg qid

Question 9

How is erythromycin dosed in adults?

Answer 9

500mg qid x 7 days

Question 10

ADR or oral erythromycin

Answer 10

Gatrointestinal irritation

Question 11

What is AzaSite?

Answer 11

azithromycin 1% soln

Question 12

How is AzaSite dosed?

Answer 12

1) 1gt bid x 2 days
2) 1 gt qd x 5 days
(9 drops total!)

Question 13

How do aminoglycosides work?

Answer 13

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

Transported into bacterium, binds to 30s ribosomal subunit

Question 14

Against which bacterial are aminoglycosides effective?

Answer 14

G(-) - especially pseudomonas
Some G(+)

Question 15

Adverse effects of aminoglycosides

Answer 15

Epithelial toxicity
Allergic reactions
Eyelid edema/erythema

Question 16

e.g. of Aminoglycosides

Answer 16

Tobramycin 0.3% (soln, ung)
Gentamycin 0.3% (soln, ung)
Neomycin (in combinations)

Question 17

How do macrolides work?

Answer 17

Inhibit protein synthesis

Bind to 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibit elongation of peptidoglycan chain

Question 18

Against which organisms are macrolides effective?

Answer 18

G(+)
Few G(-)

Question 19

Macrolide example

Answer 19

erythromycin (ung)

Question 20

How do cephalosporins work?

Answer 20

Inhibit peptide cross-linking of peptidoglycans polysaccharide chains
(Inhibit cell wall synthesis)

Question 21

Against which organisms are cephalosporins effective?

Answer 21

G+ only

Question 22

Eg of cephalosporin

Answer 22

bacitracin

Question 23

What is Polysporin?

Answer 23

bacitracin + polymixin B ointment

Question 24

How does polymixin B work?

Answer 24

Destroy cell membrane

Question 25

Against what bugs is polymixin B effective?

Answer 25

G-

Question 26

What is Polytrim?

Answer 26

Polymixin B + trimethoprim soln

Question 27

How does trimethoprim work?

Answer 27

Inhibits folic acid synthesis, creates bacteriostasis

Effective against G+ and G- (except pseudomonas)

Question 28

2nd generation FQs

Answer 28

Ocuflox (ofloxacin 0.3% soln)

Ciloxan (ciprofloxacin 0.3% soln)

Question 29

ADR associated w/ Ciloxan

Answer 29

Conjunctival concretions (increases w/ age)

Question 30

3rd gen FQs

Answer 30

Quixin (levofloxacin 0.5% soln)

Iquix (levofloxacin 1.5% soln)

Question 31

Only topical antibiotic FDA approved for MK (ulcers)

Answer 31

Iquix

Question 32

4th gen FQs

Answer 32

moxifloxacin
gatifloxacin
besifloxacin

Question 33

Zymaxid

Answer 33

gatifloxacin 0.5% sol

Question 34

Zymar

Answer 34

gatifloxacin 0.3% sol

Question 35

Vigamox

Answer 35

moxifloxacin 0.5% sol

Question 36

What is Besivance?

Answer 36

besifloxacin 0.6% ophthal susp

4th gen FQ

Question 37

Most common causes of conjunctivitis in kids

Answer 37

Haemophilus influenzae
Strep pneumoniase
Moraxella catarrhalis
adenovirus

Question 38

Most common causes of conjunctivitis in adults

Answer 38

Staph aureus

Staph epidermidis

Question 39

Most effective topicals against G+ bugs

Answer 39

4th gen FQs (gati, moxi, besi)