Anti-Arthritis Drugs Flashcards
How to relieve discomfort from arthritis
Rest - Diet - DRUGS - Joint replacement - Arthrodesis/excision arthroplasty - Euthanasia
Types of anti-arthritis drugs
Glucosamine - Glycosaminoglycans (Chondroitin sulphate, Hyaluronic acid, Pentosan, (heparin))
Glucosamine administration
Horse = IV, PO - Dog=PO
Glycosaminoglycans - Mechanism of action
Mechanical lubricant - Stops proteoglycan breakdown - Increases proteoglycan synthesis - Blocks PG production - Blocks several cytokines’ production (fibroblast growth factor & neovascularization) - Anticoagulant (improves circulation)
Glycosaminoglycans - Indications
Horses & Dogs - Mild osteoarthritis - Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) - Limit growth of tumors possible because fibroblast growth factor)
Glycosaminoglycans Chondroitin sulphate Administration
Horse = IM, IA - Dog=IM
Glycosaminoglycans - Hyaluronic acid administration
Horse = IA, IV
Glycosaminoglycans - Pentosan administration
Horse = IA, IV - Dog=SC, IM
Glycosaminoglycans side effects
Local reaction - Infection - Clotting problems - Hypersensitivity - Impoverish owner
Glycosaminoglycans contraindications
Infection - Clotting defects/bleeding - Liver or kidney disease
Glycosaminoglycans as antioxidants
Vit E, glutathione & herbal medicines
Glycosaminoglycans - antioxidant effects
Mop up free radicals - prevent membrane damage - Endogenous systems overloaded (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase)
Glycosaminoglycans Orgotein
Superoxide dismutase (like pseudomonas!) - SC in dogs - IM in horse
Orgotein SC in dogs - indications
Ankylosing spondylitis, sphondylosis, disc disease
Orgotein IM in horse - indications
Soft tissue inflammation of musculoskeletal system
Extracts of green-lipped mussels
Glycoprotein - Copper - Usually in combos with antioxidants & glycosaminoglycans
Essential Fatty Acids
N-3 FA produce PGE3 - Mild & antiinflammatory effects - No known side effects - “Natural” in fish anyway
Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO
Solvent for hydrophobic & hydrophilic drugs - Carries other drugs across the skin - Reduce acute swelling from trauma
DMSO - effects and administration
Anti-inflammatory - Antimicrobial - Analgesic - Sometimes IV for cranial trauma, colic
Other used anti-arthritic drugs
Copper - Gold - Penicilllamine - Chloroquine - Quinine - Sulphasalazine
New anti-arthritic drugs
Interleukin antagonists - TNF-a antagonists - Transcription factor regulators
TNF-a antagonists
Antibodies=infliximab - PDE4 inhibitors=thalidomide analogues
Transcription factor regulators
Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors
