Anti-Anxiety

Question 1

Class: Benzodiazepine, anxiolytic.
Indications:

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
Panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia).
Short-term treatment of anxiety symptoms, including those associated with depression.

Mechanism of Action:

Enhances the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to the GABA-A receptor, leading to sedation, muscle relaxation, and reduction of anxiety.

Side Effects:

Common: Drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, and impaired coordination.
Serious: Risk of dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms (e.g., rebound anxiety, seizures). Can cause respiratory depression, especially when combined with other CNS depressants like alcohol or opioids. Cognitive impairment and memory issues with long-term use.

Answer 1

Alprazolam (xanax)

Question 2

Class: Anxiolytic, non-benzodiazepine.
Indications:

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
Often used as an alternative to benzodiazepines, particularly in patients where the risk of dependence is a concern.

Mechanism of Action:

Partial agonist at serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and has minor effects on dopamine D2 receptors, which helps reduce anxiety without causing significant sedation or dependence.

Side Effects:

Common: Dizziness, headache, nausea, and nervousness.
Serious: Does not cause dependence or significant withdrawal symptoms, but it may take several weeks to achieve full therapeutic effects. Less risk of sedation and cognitive impairment compared to benzodiazepines.

Answer 2

Buspirone (Buspar)