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Anthropology > Anthropology Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Anthropology Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

wrote about unilineal evolution

A

Lewis Henry Morgan

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2
Q

three eras of unilineal evolution

A

savage, barbarian (domestication), and civilization

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3
Q

believed conflict between bourgeoisie and proletariat caused social change in the Industrial Revolution

A

Marx

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4
Q

believed capitalism led to technological innovations in the Industrial Revolution

A

Marx

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5
Q

distinguished gemeinschaft and gesselschaft

A

Tonnies

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6
Q

gemeinschaft

A

community

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7
Q

gesselschaft

A

society

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8
Q

wrote about collective conscience

A

Durkheim

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9
Q

mechanical solidarity, and its theorist

A

close-knit and smaller, less division of labor, religious; Durkheim

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10
Q

organic solidarity, and its theorist

A

less close-knit and larger, greater division of labor; Durkheim

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11
Q

did Durkheim believe organic or mechanical solidarity superior

A

organic

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12
Q

didn’t think cultures could evolve in only one way

A

Steward

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13
Q

White

A

believed cultural evolution was unilineal, formulated a general evolutionary theory for culture, and believed technology helps one harness energy and adapt to nature

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14
Q

cultural base, and its coiner

A

existing inventions, White

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15
Q

opposite of technological determinism, according to who

A

social constructivism, Volti

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16
Q

material and nonmaterial culture and cultural lag

A

Ogburn

17
Q

adaptive culture

A

adjusts to material innovations; lack results in cultural lag

18
Q

convergence theory

A

cultures becoming similar

19
Q

why can’t the average person control technology today

A

expertise or managerial status required

20
Q

author of McDonaldization

A

Ritzer

21
Q

extends Weber’s rationalization

A

McDonaldization

22
Q

diffusion helps

A

nations develop technologically

23
Q

happened in Nazi Germany

A

brain drain

24
Q

adopting a foreign technology requires the right supporting

A

infrastructure, including workforce, capital for development, supporting technologies, and key resources

25
Q

problems with adoption of foreign technologies

A

technologies remove labor, contribute to inequality, consume resources, may fail in new setting, may fail due to lack of capital

26
Q

appropriate technologies

A

boost production, increase employment, help wealth distribution, empower people, help economic independence, preserve environment, and can be built and serviced with local materials and knowledge

27
Q

appropriate technology also known as

A

intermediate technology

28
Q

issues that can hinder adoption of appropriate technology

A

lack of funding and government issues

29
Q

Mesthene’s three one-dimensional views about technology and society

A

as motor of all progress; as curse; as uninteresting because it’s been studied since industrial revolution

Anthropology (7 decks)

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