Anthropology exam 1

Question 1

anthropology

Answer 1

the study of humankind in all times and places

Question 2

ethnocentrism

Answer 2

the belief that the ways of one’s own culture are the only proper ones

Question 3

culture

Answer 3

a society’s shared and socially transmitted ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and which generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior

Question 4

ethnology

Answer 4

the study and analysis of different cultures form a comparative or historical point of view, utilizing ethnographic accounts and developing anthropological theories that help explain why certain differences or similarities occur among groups

Question 5

linguistics

Answer 5

the study of human languages - looking at their structure, history, and relation to social and cultural context

Question 6

archeology

Answer 6

the study of cultures through the recovery and analysis of material remains and environmental data

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

in the cell nucleus, the structures visible during cellular division contain long strands of DNA combined with protein

Question 8

genetic drift

Answer 8

change fluctuations of allele (gene) frequencies in the gene pool of a population. this evolutionary force produces changes at the population level caused by random events at the individual level
Principle of gene frequencies in isolated population

Question 9

genetic flow

Answer 9

the principle of genes passing form one population to another through mating and reproduction

Question 10

sickle-cell anemia

Answer 10

an inherited form of anemia produces by a mutation in the hemoglobin protein that causes red blood cells to assume a sickle shape

Question 11

gene pool

Answer 11

all the genetic variants possessed by members of a population

Question 12

anthropoids

Answer 12

the suborder of primates that include New World monkeys, Old world monkeys, and apes (including humans

Question 13

hominid

Answer 13

African hominid family that includes humans and their ancestors. some scientists, recognizing the close relationship of humans,chimps, bonobos, and gorillas, us the term hominid to refer to all African hominoids. They then divide the hominid family into two sub-families: the Painae (chimps, bonobos, and gorillas)and the Homininae (humans and their ancestors)

Question 14

brachiation

Answer 14

Moving from branch to branch using the arms, with the bodies hanging suspended from below

Question 15

prehensile

Answer 15

having the ability to grasp

Question 16

midden

Answer 16

A refuse or garbage disposal area in an archeological site

Question 17

dendrochonology

Answer 17

in archaeology and paleoanthrology, a technique of chronometric dating based on the number of rings of growth found in tree trunks

Question 18

continental drift

Answer 18

according to the theory of plate tectonics, the movement of continents embedded in underlying plates on the earth’s surface in relation to one another over the history of life on earth

Question 19

artifact

Answer 19

any object fashioned or altered by humans

Question 20

natural selection

Answer 20

the evolutionary process through which factors in the environment exert pressure, favoring some individuals over others to produce to produce the next generation.