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anthropology > Anthropology > Flashcards

Anthropology Flashcards

1
Q

define anthropology

A

the study of human origins and culture overtime

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2
Q

define culture

A

a shared understanding of beliefs, behaviors, artifacts, and norms within a group of people (influential)

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3
Q

A functionalist

A

every person/job has a role in a running society (the gears of a running machine)

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4
Q

creator of functionalism

A

BRONISLAW MALINOWKSI

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5
Q

creator of cultural materialism

A

Karl Manx

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6
Q

creator of cultural relavitism

A

Franz Boas

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7
Q

list examples of visible culture

A

art, food, clothing, architecture, artifacts

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8
Q

list examples of invisible culture

A

religion, folklore, traditions, gender roles, taboos, beliefs, language

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9
Q

cultural traits

A

invisible and visible aspects of a culture

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10
Q

define an artifact (cultural trait)

A

what a culture has: tangible objects or artifacts produced by the culture

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11
Q

define a sociofact

A

what a culture does: how it organizes itself into groups. ex. religion groups, educational system, government, family

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12
Q

define a mentifact

A

what a culture does: beliefs, religion, MEASURES OF SUCCESS/ELITES, ideologies

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13
Q

cultural taboos

A

activities deeply frowned upon by a culture. ex. murder, abuse, tattoos, cannibalism

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14
Q

define ethnocentrism

A

the belief that one’s culture is superior to another

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15
Q

define environmental determinism

A

resources in an environment determine culture. ex. Canada has a lot of snow thus snowboarding is common.

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16
Q

define cultural hearth

A

where culture originates and it radiates to the surrounding cultures

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17
Q

define cultural realms

A

cultures of the same area in the world will be similar. Ex. Indic: relating subcontinents of India:

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18
Q

define subculture

A

smaller cultures aside from mainstream culture. (can become mainstream)

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19
Q

define counterculture

A

cultures that oppose against mainstream culture. (can become mainstream)

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20
Q

define mainstream culture

A

the culture that lines with society’s values and beliefs

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21
Q

difference between subculture and mainstream culture

A

mainstream culture tends hold more social power and influence.

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22
Q

define high culture

A

behavior deemed as SUPERIOR

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23
Q

define low culture

A

common behaviors amongst common people

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24
Q

define multiculturalism

A

for a country or area to be diverse. ex. Canada’s law makes it so that Canada MUST be diverse

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25
Q

define cultural lag

A

certain parts of a place to adapt to new cultures faster than others. ex. new cultures of urban cities may not so quickly be present in rural areas

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26
Q

define cultural diffusion

A

for cultures to spread to different parts of the world. ex. sushi, boba, anime,

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27
Q

ethnographies

A

collects data mostly revolving around race and ethnicity. Most methods involve participant observation.

28
Q

participant observation

A

to collect data by observing a society system by living within it

29
Q

decolonizing research

A

revolves around mostly decolonization of indigenous communities. Less intense than ethnographies.

30
Q

semi-structured interviews

A

open-ended interview questions. Provides a more pure and truthful answer

31
Q

archeological extravasations

A

dig up bones and artifacts that reveal information of history

32
Q

oral history

A

to pass down information through story telling and tongue. Can be miscommunicated.

33
Q

define kinship

A

a relationship between two or more people (blood, marriage, adoption)

34
Q

define marriage

A

the bonding of one or more persons in an intimate relationship, and in some places comes with legally binding

35
Q

the difference between kinship and marriage

A

a kinship is a relationship in general whether its by blood, romantically, or legally. Marriage is the relationship of two or more romantic partners.

36
Q

familial influence

A

the status, expectations, and life of your family can influence your behaviors, expectations and life.

37
Q

how does marriage tie with anthropology

A

marriage is common in almost every single part of the world because it is easier to care for children that way. Marriage bonds two separate families and also kingdoms/empires.

38
Q

monogamous marriage

A

to only marry one partner at a time

38
Q

polygynous marriages

A

for a man to marry one or more women at a time. A sign of wealth since you are rich enough to afford all the women.

39
Q

polyandrous marriages

A

for a woman to marry one or more men at a time (man + his brothers). population control.

40
Q

religion

A

the belief of a god or creator that explains our purpose of life. Sacred and spiritual

41
Q

Abrahamic religion

A

religions that worship a god named Abraham. Christianity, Islam, Judaism

42
Q

three biggest religions

A

christianity, Hinduism, judaism

43
Q

moral behaviors

A

expectations of the followers. ex. the ten commandants (abrahamic), nobal eightfold path (Buddhism)

44
Q

monotheism

A

believes in one god

45
Q

polytheism

A

believes in more than one god

46
Q

theism

A

believes in a god/creator but not a specific one

47
Q

agmostic

A

unsure/indifferent of religion

48
Q

atheist

A

does not believe in a god

49
Q

define evolution

A

the change in traits of a species. new species are formed and species extinct in the process.

50
Q

mutation

A

the DNA changes of a species over time

51
Q

natural selection

A

strong traits survive and weak traits get bred off. if ure weak then u wont get laid

52
Q

dating artifacts

A

finding the dates of a historical artifact

53
Q

relative dating

A

dating an artifact by comparing its age to another (no specific dates)

54
Q

chronometric dating

A

breaking an artifact down chemically to determine its age

55
Q

homologous structure

A

the human skeletal structure

56
Q

traits of primates 40 mil years ago

A

small, lived in the tropical forest

57
Q

traits of primates 25 mil years ago

A

first ape like, woodlands

58
Q

traits of primates 15 mil years ago

A

similar to modern apes

59
Q

traits of primates 8 mil years ago

A

split into gorillas , chimps/humans

60
Q

australopithecines

A

bipedal, split into chimps and monkeys

61
Q

homo habilis

A

handy man, larger brains, smaller face+teeth

62
Q

homo erectus

A

first to use fire, advanced stone tools

63
Q

homo sapien

A

tools, weapons, clothing, jewelry, art

64
Q

neanderthals

A

advanced tools, hunting, shelter, clothing, belief in after life

65
Q

homo sapien sapiens

A

modern humans

anthropology (1 decks)

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