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Anthropology 120/130 > Anthropology 130 > Flashcards

Anthropology 130 Flashcards

1
Q

Taung

A
  • First of our direct ancestors
  • Found in South Africa
  • 2.3 MYA
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2
Q

Berekaht Ram

A

-Oldest piece of art
-Female
250,000 BP
(Round fat person/piece of art)

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3
Q

Caves in France and Spain

A
  • Greatest concentration of prehistoric art
  • 35000-12000 Bp
  • Cro-magnon
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4
Q

Solutrean Blade

A
  • symmetrical flintknapped blade

- Cro-magnons

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5
Q

Olduvai Gorge

A
  • East African site

- First tools (choppers)

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6
Q

Paleoarchitecture

A
  • Oldest form of architecture recognized

- Ring of stones

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7
Q

Chimera First Deity

A
  • Combines a range of animals together

- Often human eyes

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8
Q

Atlatl

A
  • Speare-thrower

- Increase power & accuracy

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9
Q

Lucy’s Importance

A

-Oldest fossil of Bipedal walker

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10
Q

Primate Skull Similarities

A

-Paleontologist compare animal primate skulls to ours

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11
Q

South Africa/ East Africa

A

Two Hominoid rich fossil areas

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12
Q

Gorrilla/ Human Spinal Column

A

Gorrilla- more angular

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13
Q

Dramatic Brain Size Increases

A

3 dramatic brain size increases

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14
Q

Enkapune Ya Muto

A
  • (Site) First proof of trade activities

- beads found

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15
Q

Human Burial/ Proof of sentiment and religion

A

-Neanderthal proof

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16
Q

Neanderthal Major controversy

A

-How much neanderthal we are

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17
Q

Shanidar Importance

A

Intentional burial

Points to after life(tools)

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18
Q

Human skeleton/ three systems

A

Cranial
Head&arm
Pelvic/leg

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19
Q

Taung Skull/ 5 aspects/ ACC. to dart

A 
Size of brain
Flat face
Thin Skull Bone
Teeth 
Spinal Angle
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20
Q

Human Evolution/ 5 components

A 
Increased Brain Size
Subsistence activities (hunting, gathering)
Bipedalism
Carrying Weapons, Tools, Food, Babies
Throwing Weapons
Canines- small teeth
Toolmaking
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21
Q

Darwin/Osbon correct sequence

A

Come down from trees
Walk Straight
Brain Growth
Civilization

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22
Q

Ethnographic Analogy

A

Using present day people to try and explain ancient people

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23
Q

Ethnographic Analogy Disadvantages

A

Excites imagination, creates questions

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24
Q

3 hunter and gatherer scavenger cultures

A

Bushman
Aborigone
Inuit

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25
Q

Peppercorn Hair

A

Bushman have curliest hair in the world

May cool head

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26
Q

Gwashi

A

Bushmen musical instrument

harplike

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27
Q

Kalahari Desert location

A

SW Africa

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28
Q

Harvard Marshal Project

A

social organization and success

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29
Q

Harvard Marshall importance to anthro.

A

Closest chance to study hunting and gathering ancient cultures

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30
Q

Bands

A

Most basic form of society

hunt, gather, and scavage

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31
Q

99.99% of people today

A

Live by cultivation

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32
Q

99.99% (10,000 BP)

A

Live by hunting and gathering

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33
Q

Seven aspects of Kalahari environment

A 
Baobab trees
Thorn forests
Sparse Rain
Deadly Snakes
Ample Waterholes
Termataries
Mongongo Trees
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34
Q

Seven Aspects of hunting game

A 
Species of animal
Season of the year 
Cuurrent weather
Distance from camp
Availability of water
Size of band
Amount of poison in quarry
35
Q

Minimax theory of human behavior as rational theory

A

minimize risk/ maximize game

36
Q

contingency

A

Being prepared for accidents

37
Q

Irrational Motivation

A

irrational motivation could have wiped out ancient tribe

38
Q

Intelligence factors

A

Using inductive and deductive reasoning

39
Q

Social intelligence

A

Group combined intelligence

40
Q

Inductive Kudu

A

Ideas from experiences or Kudus used for a new idea

41
Q

Deductive Kudu

A

Applying an idea or kudu to new Kudu

42
Q

Redundancy in communications

A

Send messages in many ways at will

43
Q

Marshall experience with Bushamn Hunters

A

Marshall saved by Bushman

Very grateful spent money on Harvard study

44
Q

Bushmen on Hunting

A

Expert hunters

45
Q

Bushmen on gathering

A

Provides 65% of nourishment

170 plants with use in kalahari

46
Q

Bushmen on scaveging

A

Most Creative

47
Q

Collective Integrity Imperative

A

Group has to maintan integration

Cooperation is vital

48
Q

Social indacators and bushman culture

A

murder, rape, incest virtually absent

49
Q

Transparency of behavior of bushmen

A

Whatever you do is known by everybody

Can potentially have an effect on everyone in the group

50
Q

65% 35%

A

Women 65% nourishment

51
Q

Value of the individual member

A

proven everyday

individual roles

52
Q

Infanticide

A

having to sacrifice children

53
Q

Concept of Super hunter

A

Hunting band that work to gether to create super hunter

54
Q

Do not speak of giraffe

A

Brings moral down talking about lost hunt

55
Q

Synergy

A

Working together for a powerful effect

56
Q

Qualiy time with children

A

Spending more time with their children than modern families

57
Q

Education as Practum

A

Learning by doing

58
Q

Termitary Importance

A

termite mound/ very tall

used for lookout and target practice

59
Q

Poison complex

A

Easier to take down animals

60
Q

xharo

A

trading partners among bands that build alliances

61
Q

Nature of poison

A

Means death for an animal

Coated on arrow shaft right behind point

62
Q

The wisdom of hidden arrows

A

wives hide arrow sto kepp their husbands from killing family or memebers of band

63
Q

Hunting a giraffe

A

3 arduous days
Lots of tracking
using human enurance to wear down animal

64
Q

Humans alone can…

A

Do activities that no other species can
(think olympics)
run, swim, climb

65
Q

spoor: complexity of the track and trace

A

10 things can be read from track

66
Q

Key to dominance in the savanna environment

A

ability to run with most stamina

67
Q

Importance of the savannah environment

A

flat, which allows dominance

68
Q

Butchery and distribution

A

everyone eats but up to hunter to be fair and distribute meat

69
Q

reciprocity

A

trading food for something else xharo

70
Q

redistribution

A

Hunter decides who gets what

71
Q

Right of the first arrow

A

hunter who killed choses portion

72
Q

“if anyone eats, then”

A

everyone eats

73
Q

Post prandial education

A

after dinner learning lesson

overlap of specialty(because information on thespecialty is shared

74
Q

Omniscience of band member

A

relative to us they understand everything about their culture

75
Q

Environment/ land exact information

A

60 mi^2

76
Q

Age/ correlation with knowledge

A

people who live longer gather more information

77
Q

Lesson of shanidar

A

burial of older man that was crippled

knowledge was prized and allowed to live

78
Q

General health of bushman

A

very healthy

79
Q

three step death

A

bit by a black mamba
large aggressive snake
hevily toxined

80
Q

Factors in the lethality of Black mamba

A

large and aggressive

bite is heavily toxined

81
Q

Ophidians of the Kalahari

A

snakes

very heavily populated

82
Q

Mambas and the popularity of Harvard students

A

saved the lives of several children with antivenom

83
Q

Importance of mongongo

A

relatively wide spread tree with rich fruit

84
Q

Importance of the boabab tree 3 factors

A

hiding spot
traps water
lookout spot
leave messeges for each other

Anthropology 120/130 (4 decks)

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