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Anthropology > Anthrop - Chap 5 - 7 > Flashcards

Anthrop - Chap 5 - 7 Flashcards

0
Q

parallel cousin

A

children of siblings of the same sex;
regarded as brother/sister; keep wealth/power in family;
MZ’s (mother’s sister’s) children & FB (father’s brother’s) children

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1
Q

gender roles

A

role assignments that have a clear cultural component; cultural expectations of men & women in a particular society, including the division of labor

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2
Q

cross-cousin

A

children of siblings of the opposite sex; a person’s cross-cousins are the father’s sisters’ children & the mother’s brothers’ children; reconnects the family

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3
Q

sororate

A

if wife dies and sister marries husband; marrying any relative of dead wife; obliges a woman to marry her deceased sister’s husband

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4
Q

levirate

A

reconnects the family as a result of death; marrying any relative of dead husband; custom whereby a man is obliged to marry his brother’s widow

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5
Q

genitor

A

biological father

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6
Q

pater

A

willing to assume parent role; social fatherhood

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7
Q

matrilocal residence

A

pattern of residence where the couple lives with or near the wife’s family

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8
Q

patrilocal residence

A

pattern of residence where the couple lives with or near the husband’s family

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9
Q

avunculocal residence

A

pattern of residence where the couple lives near the husband’s mother’s brother

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10
Q

ambilocal (or bilocal)

A

pattern of residence where the couple alternates between living with the wife’s and husband’s family

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11
Q

patrilineal

A

traced thru father’s side

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12
Q

neolocal residence

A

pattern of residence where the couple establishes a new, independent household separate from their relatives

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13
Q

matrilineal

A

traced thru mother’s side

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14
Q

lineage

A

tracing family background thru parent’s generation, grandparent’s; goes up to 10 generations

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15
Q

clan

A

over 10 generations; can’t always prove someone is a family member and if you agree someone is a family member then they are; agree humans and nonhumans are family

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16
Q

moiety

A

culture that consists of 2 clans; larger of 2 clans is the moiety; marry outside group

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17
Q

phratry

A

3 or more clan structure; Aztec Indians in Mexico–very aggressive & fight w/other groups of people; get together when big family function, to appoint new Chiefs

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18
Q

kindred

A

members of family

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19
Q

unilineal kinship

A

tracing thru one side of the family

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20
Q

bilateral descent

A

bifurcation; US culture; parents generation related by blood or marriage are family members

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21
Q

ambilineal descent

A

you spend more time w/some family members over other family members; can be bc of location

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22
Q

double descent

A

inheritance; occurs in Western Africa; we inherit things from father’s side of family (land & house); inherit traditions from family

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23
Q

3 ways connected to family

A
  1. Blood - Consanguineal relationship
  2. Marriage - Affinal relationship
  3. Fictive - close friend; adopted
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24
Q

consanguineal

A

blood relationship

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25
Q

affinal

A

marriage (part of family)

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26
Q

fictive

A

close friend; adopted

27
Q

ego

A

yourself; shade in symbol

28
Q

bride price or bride wealth

A

gift of money or goods from the groom or his kin to the bride’s kin; the gift usually grants the groom the right to marry the bride & the right to her children

29
Q

bride service

A

requires the groom to work for the bride’s family, sometimes before the marriage begins, sometimes after; varies in duration

30
Q

dowry

A

usually a substantial transfer of goods or $ from the bride’s family to the bride, the groom, or the couple; family must have wealth to give a this; tend to be in societies in which women contribute relatively little to primary subsistence activities, there is a high degree of social stratification & monogamy is practiced

31
Q

incest taboo

A

prohibits sexual intercourse or marriage between some categories of kin; found in all cultures; between mom & son, dad & daughter, brother & sister

32
Q

monogamy

A

involving one man married to one woman

33
Q

polygyny

A

one man married to more than one woman at the same time

34
Q

polyandry

A

one woman being married to more than one man at the same time

35
Q

polygamy

A

polygyny & polyandry are two types; multiple marriage

36
Q

soral polygyny

A

man married to two or more sisters

37
Q

fraternal polyandry

A

woman is married to more than one brother

38
Q

exogamy

A

marriage partners must be chosen from outside one’s own kin group or community; rule

39
Q

nuclear family

A

a married couple & their children

40
Q

endogamy

A

a rule that obliges a person to marry within same group

41
Q

extended family

A

consists of a married couple and one or more of the married children, all living in the same house or household

42
Q

family

A

social & economic unit consisting minimally of one or more parents (or parent substitute) & their children

43
Q

marriage

A

socially approved sexual & economic union, usually between a woman & a man

44
Q

arranged marriages

A

immediate families or go-betweens handle the negotiations; implicit that conviction that the joining together of two kin groups to form new social & economic ties is too important to be left to free choice and romantic love

45
Q

serial monogamy

A

the practice of having a number of long-term romantic or sexual partners in succession

46
Q

ghost marriage

A

marriage where a deceased groom is replaced by his brother. The brother serves as a stand in to the bride, and any resulting children are considered children of the deceased spouse; family of deceased does it bc if there were no children–spiritual belief that bad luck happens

47
Q

blended family

A

a family that includes children from a previous marriage of the wife, husband, or both parents.

48
Q

transgender

A

people who don’t feel that their assigned gender fits them well

49
Q

gender

A

The sense of being male or female

50
Q

sex

A

Typically refers to sexual anatomy & sexual behavior

51
Q

two-spirit role

A

third gender recognized by Cheyennes; often recognized after a boy finished his vision quest, usually preadolescent; boy would wear woman’s clothes & take on many of the woman’s activities; but not equivalent to becoming a woman bc two-spirits played special roles at weddings & child birth

52
Q

alternative genders

A

genders that are neither man nor woman have been described for many societies; i.e. two-spirit

53
Q

gender misconceptions

A

stereotypes about the genders

54
Q

gender inequality

A

refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender

55
Q

gender stratification

A

cuts across all aspects of social life, cuts across all social classes, and refers to men and women’s unequal access to power, prestige, and property on the basis of their sex.

56
Q

rules of descent

A

rules that connect individuals with particular sets of kin because of known or presumed common ancestry

57
Q

totem

A

clans are designated by an animal name; may have some special significance for the group and is a means of group identification; a being, object, or symbol representing an animal or plant that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, group, lineage, …

58
Q

kinship system

A

the system of social relationships connecting people in a culture who are or are held to be related and defining and regulating their reciprocal obligations

59
Q

kinship terminology

A

A system of linguistic categories for denoting kinds of relatives

60
Q

Omaha terminology

A

A mode of kinship classification usually but not always associated with patrilineal descent in which a line of mother’s patrilineal kin are terminologically equated across generations (mirror image of Crow terminology).

61
Q

Iroquois terminology

A

A mode of kinship reckoning, usually but not always associated with unilineal descent, in which cross and parallel relatives are distinguished according to relative sex of connecting relatives in the middle three generations only

62
Q

Hawaiian kinship terminology

A

A mode of kinship reckoning, usually associated with bilateral kinship or cognatic descent, in which relatives are distinguished only according to sex and generation.

63
Q

Crow terminology

A

a mode of kinship classification usually but not always associated with matrilineal descent in which a line of father’s matrilineal kin are terminologically equated across generations (mirror image of Omaha terminology)

64
Q

Eskimo system

A

marked by a bilateral emphasis - no distinction is made between patrilineal and matrilineal relatives - and by a recognition of differences in kinship distance - close relatives are distinguished from more distant ones

65
Q

Sudanese system

A

completely descriptive and assigns a different kin term to each distinct relative, as indicated by separate letters and colours in the diagram above. Ego distinguishes between his father (A), his father’s brother (E), and his mother’s brother (H). There are potentially eight different cousin terms.

Anthropology (3 decks)

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