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Anthropology : Physical > Anthro Final Exam > Flashcards

Anthro Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Was java accepted or rejected?

A

Rejected. Found late 1890’s. Dismissed as a gibbon.

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2
Q

What is the common name for Homo habiilis? What tool tradition did it use?

A

Handy man. Oldowon T.T. Crude cobble tools.

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3
Q

What are the advanced features of Proconsul?

A
  • Shortened snout - More rounded skull - Larger and more complex brain
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4
Q

Culture advancements of H.S.S?

A
  • Portable art : figurines and cave art - Tailored clothing : buttons - Cooperative hunting of heard animals - Stone lamps : burn animal fat as a source of light -First musical instrument : bird bone whistle
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5
Q

What was special about the Pilt Down man?

A

Discovered in pieces: Ancient Human skull and mandible of an orangutan.

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6
Q

Who did Proconsul give rise to?

A

Dryopithecus

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7
Q

What are the cranial characteristics of A. afarensis?

A
  1. Small brain 2. Projecting canines 3. Ape like palate
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8
Q

What cultural characteristics are first seen with Homo sapian sapian (Cro-magnon). Include the evidence.

A
  • Portable art : figurine and cave art -Taylor’s clothing : buttons, -Stone lamps - burning animal fat as a source of light - cooperative hunting of herd animals - First musical instrument : Bird bone whistle
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9
Q

What are two cranial differences between H. erectus and H. sapien?

A
  • Massive super orbital torus - Low cranial dome
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10
Q

Who is the Black Skull possibly ancestral to?

A

A. boisei

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11
Q

Significance of sivapithecus? Evidence?

A

Ancestral to orangutans. - Large incisors - Concave face profile - Non projecting superior eye ridge - Broad flaring zygomatics - Rectangular eye orbits

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12
Q

Taung Child characteristics?

A
  1. Relatively modern teeth 2. Non projecting canines 3 Endo cast configuration shows complexity of brain 4. brain stem centrally placed indicating bipedal
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13
Q

Who gave rise to Dryopithecus?

A

Proconsul

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14
Q

Where was A. boisei discovered?

A

East Africa, Olduvai Gorge

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15
Q

What is Proconsul considered to be?

A

First true ape

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16
Q

General geographical area in which the Black Skull was found?

A

East Africa, Lake Turkana

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17
Q

What geological epoch was Gigantopithecus from?

A

Miocene

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18
Q

Briefly discuss the cultural advancements that are first seen with Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (include the evidence).

A
  • Care of individuals - Intentional burial of the dead - Belief in the afterlife - ceremonialism - tool tradition - Medicine - Cave dwellers
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19
Q

What are cranial features of A. africanus?

A
  • Larger incisers - Small premolars - Narrow face (no large chewing muscles) - No sagital crest
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20
Q

List the cranial characteristics of H. erectus.

A
  • Long low cranial vault - Platy cephalic - Super orbital torus - Occipital torus (v shaped) - Post orbital constriction
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21
Q

Who was ancestral to modern orangutan?

A

Sivapithecus

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22
Q

Name the various tool traditions, the typical tools which characterize each and the genus and species with which each i s affiliated.

A

-Oldowan : Crude, Cobble stone : Homo Habalis -Achulean : Multipurpose : Homo erectus -Mousterian : Homo sapien neanderthalensis

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23
Q

What is H. habalis cultural advancement?

A

First to manufacture and use stone tools.

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24
Q

Which tool tradition did H. erectus use?

A

Achulean

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25
Q

What are general cranial characteristics for entire group of H.S.N?

A
  • Occipital bun - Mid face prognathism (enlarged nasal sinus) - Large cranial capacity - Space/gap behind last lower molar
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26
Q

A gap behind the last molar of a mandible is a classic sign of?

A

The H.S.N Heidelberg mandible.

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27
Q

Why are physical anthropologist who are studying fossil record concerned with continental drift or plate tectonics?

A

As global position of the continents changes, there are two major results that occur: - Environment/Climatic changes : selective pressures change - Migration routes change : Land bridges or isolations : affects distribution

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28
Q

What are cranial features of A. robutsus?

A
  • Small incisors - Large molars and pre molars - Broad flaring zygomatic - Specialized chewing machine.
29
Q

List and discuss the skeletal evidence that indicates A. afarensis had a bipeadal striding gate.

A

A) Shape of PELVIS -Short/Broad illium -Gluteal muscles carried to the side -Table weight transmission B) Position of the femur -Angled underneath the body -Lower center of gravity - “Carrying angle” C) Length of legs -Elongated Legs -Lengthens the stride

30
Q

Cultural adaptations of H.S.N ?

A
  • Care of individuals - Intentional burial of the dead - Belief in the afterlife - Ceremonialism - Tool Tradition : Mousterian - Medicine - Cave dwellers
31
Q

Where is Proconsul from?

A

Exclusive to Africa

32
Q

What are unique cranial features of Homo sapien sapien?

A
  • High domed skull, vertical forehead - Protruding boney chin
33
Q

What was accepted in the time of Pilt Down?

A

Large Brain, Primitive teeth

34
Q

What specimen was transitional between H. erectus and H.S.N? What is the evidence?

A

Steinheim Skull.

H. erectus feature : Small brain case

H.S.N feature : widest point of the skull is more rounded.

35
Q

Briefly discuss the cultural advancements that are first seen with homo erectus (include the evidence).

A

-First controlled use of fire -Organized exploration of huge game animals -Season use of sites

36
Q

Discuss the primitive cranial characteristics of A. afarensis.

A

Small brain, projecting canines, ape like pallet

37
Q

Who was the first member of homo and where is it exclusive to?

A

H. habilis, exclusive to Africa

38
Q

Who used the Achulean tool tradition?

A

Homo erectus

39
Q

What hominoid has the most accurate date? Why?

A

Ramidus. Sandwiched between 2 volcanic layers. Potassium Argon.

40
Q

Which geological Epoch does Aegyptopithecus belong to?

A

Oligoscene

41
Q

Discuss the possible reason for the decline of the prosimians at the end of the Eocene.

A

Continental drift Northwards - Cooling climate -restricted distribution of tropics - Lack of habitat Competition : Rodents -Very adaptable and numerically abundant. -Formable competition Possible Monkeys -Higher primates -Outcompeted

42
Q

What footprints were discovered that indicated bipedality? What are the features?

A

Laetoli Footprints. A) Big toe in line with foot - Push off as a lever and balance B) Arch - Serves as a shock absorber C) Pattern of footprints - Striding gate D) No knuckle print - no support from hands

43
Q

Discuss the cranial and post cranial advancements characteristic of Notharctus over the Paleocene forms. What basic trends are demonstrated by the changes in the forms?

A

Shortened snout, generalized dentition, boney eye ring, larger brain with larger convolutions, vision increases and smell decrease, nails, five digit hands and feet grasping.

44
Q

What geological epoch is Proconsul from?

A

Miocene (23.3 - 5.2 MYA)

45
Q

What is the common name for A. boisei (OH5)

A

Zinj

46
Q

What characteristics of Aegytopithecus indicating a transitional form

A

Elongated snout (lower primate) Boney Eye Socket (higher primate) Eyes rotated forward (Depth perception) Dental Formula 2-1-2-3

47
Q

Is A. africanus more generalized or specialized?

A

Generalized

48
Q

Features of A. Ramidus?

A
  • Not fully striding - Accomplished tree climber - Small brain proves bipedal predates large brain ancestors.
49
Q

What specimen is transitional between H. erectus and H.S.N?

A

Steinheim

50
Q

What was rejected during the time of Pilt Down?

A

Small Brain, Modern Teeth

51
Q

What is the skeletal evidence that Proconsul was not an ape?

A
  1. No tail 2. y-5 cusp pattern on lower molars
52
Q

Discuss two completely different reasons for the extinctions Australopithecus boisei.

A

-Too specialized : diet, dental, chewing muscle attachments. -More competition from a more general form

53
Q

Where was the Taung Child found?

A

South Africa. Underground Limestone solution cavities.

54
Q

Where was Aegytopithecus found? what is special about this location?

A

El Fayum, Egypt. It is the only place in the word where primate fossils are found dating to the Oligoscene.

55
Q

What feature indicated Gigantopithecus was a hominoid?

A
  • y-5 pattern - Huge size - Location of discovery
56
Q

Why is Aegytpopithecus considered to be a “transitional” form? What two groups of primates is this transitional between? What is the name and the reason why this archaeological site so unique about where the fossil was found?

A
  • Has an elongated snout (feature of a lower primate) and Boney eyes sockets (feature of a higher primate). - El Fayum, Egypt is the only place in the world where primate fossils are found dating to the Oligoscene.
57
Q

Proconsul is ancestral to whom? Why?

A

All more recent apes. - Date. Oldest. - Geography. Africa was an island developed in isolation.

58
Q

List the cultural advancements of H. erectus.

A
  • First controlled use of fire - Organized exploration of huge game animals - Season use of sites
59
Q

Which hominoid shows evidence of possible cannibalism?

A

H. erectus. Specimen : Java. Base of the skull is cut, possibly to procure the brain.

60
Q

What is unique to HNM-ER 3733 Homo erectus?

A

Most complete H. erectus skull in our collection.

61
Q

List the cranial characteristics of H. habalis.

A
  • More generalized facial morphology - Larger brain -Larger frontal lobe (Better judgment, hand/eye coordination) - More developed brooches area
62
Q

What are A. boisei cranial characteristics?

A

(Hyper Robustus) Small incisors, large molars/premolars, broad flaring zygomatic, specialized chewing machine.

63
Q

Unique to Pilt Down Man?

A
  • Accepted as a human ancestor - Bones were altered
64
Q

Is Aegytopethecus ancestral to New World Monkeys?

A

NO. Because the number of premolars.

65
Q

Is A. robustus more generalized or specialized?

A

Specialized

66
Q

What are general post cranial characteristics for entire group of H.S.N?

A
  • Short robust arm and leg bones - Bone curvature (strong muscle attachments)
67
Q

Discuss why scientist are interested in the extinctions of dinosaurs.

A

65 mya, the extinction of dinosaurs pended up niches and habitats for primates to develop.

68
Q

Where was the Pilt Down Man found

A

Sussex England

Anthropology : Physical (1 decks)

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