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Anth linda matthei texas am commerce Flashcards

1
Q

Religion is a cultural

A

universal

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2
Q

Religion is the

A

Assumption that there are SUPERNATURAL” forces or beings that give shape and meaning to the universe

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3
Q

When they say that religion is an “assumption” what do they mean?

A

No proof, one assumes

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4
Q

Religion is based on “what”?

A

faith

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5
Q

Faith does not have

A

a scientific base

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6
Q

When they say that religion gives shape to the universe, what does it mean?

A

Morals, creation myths, how we got to be here.

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7
Q

Who was the first anthropologists to undertake a systematic study of religion cross-culturally…?

A

E.B. Tylor

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8
Q

What does the term “Armchair Anthropologist” mean?

A

That they stayed home, and didn’t actually visit, but studied from home.

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9
Q

What did E.B. Tylor argue?

A

that “primitive” societies are preoccupied with dreams, trances, and death

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10
Q

E.B Tylor said that earliest societies believed that everything in the universe had….what?

A

a belief in a dual existence

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11
Q

Belief in a dual existence, means that everything has a ____ and _____.

A

body and a spirit

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12
Q

E.B. Tylor came up with model for what?

A

religion

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13
Q

Animists believe that when we dream, our spirit…

A

leaves the body and goes out and does stuff- talking to dead,

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14
Q

when an animist wakes up from a dream, the spirit

A

has returned to the body

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15
Q

E.B. Tylor said “what happened to religion as our reasoning becomes more clear?”

A

religious beliefs evolve as the reasoning becomes more complex.

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16
Q

What is the definition of Animism?

A

Belief in a dual existence.

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17
Q

What is the definition of Polytheism?

A

Belief in multiple Gods.

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18
Q

What is the definition of Monotheism?

A

Belief in one supreme being.

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19
Q

What did Tylor believe would happen to religion as science grew?

A

That religion would die out.

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20
Q

Tylor believes that the function of religion does what?

A

Explains the unexplained.

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21
Q

A lot of anthropologists argue that Tylor missed the ______ form of religion; What?

A

earliest form of religion. Which is; a belief in IMPERSONAL FORCES.

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22
Q

the belief in impersonal forces is called

A

Animatism.

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23
Q

Animatism is a belief that certain people and objects can bring fortune?

A

True, they believe that the object has a supernatural force that can bring luck.

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24
Q

What does Polynesia believe in?

A

Mana

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25
In Polynesia, the belief that amount of Mana you have is determined by what?
Your social status
26
Mana has no particular characterists, its just a powerful ____ that People and ____ have more of less of.
Force; Objects
27
People with low social status have how much mana compared to a higher individual ?
Less.
28
Spirit beings are the same as Tylors what?
Animism
29
Ancestor Spirits are of ____ origin.
Human
30
Ancestor spirits are created how?
When a person dies, spirit and body separate and the spirits continue to live on.
31
If the ancestor spirits are upset, they can cause ...?
Illness and misfortune.
32
Garifuna believe in ancestor spirits called what?
Gubida
33
Many rituals are performed to keep the Gubida happy; 3
Amuidahani, Chugu,and dugu
34
What is Amuidahani?
Bathing the ancestors
35
What is Chugu?
Week long; use of a Shaman,in a temple. 24hrs/5days dancing raw rum on floor, people start "trancing" ancestors will tell them what they want, after day 5 food is brought in..small animal sacrifice.
36
Why is Chugu performed?
To please the displeased spirits because you've neglected them a little.
37
What is Dugu? and why is it performed?
It's the same as Chugu- only lasts 2 weeks and its done to appease / please ancestors.
38
The belief in Gods/esses is what type of practice?
Polytheism
39
Gods and Goddesses are not of ____ origin.
human
40
Polytheism is more powerful than the other 3 religions?
True
41
Each God and Goddess controls a different part of the ____.
Universe.
42
In Polytheism there is usually a supreme God, that has control of entire universe, but....
he stays out aloof, because he is too busy.
43
What did Anthoney Wallace argue about religion?
Argues that religions evolve through stages but one doesn’t necessarily replace another
44
The first type of religion Wallace stated was ____. and it is usually found in ___ type societies.
Shamanic religion typically found in band level societies
45
List characterists of being a Shaman. (5)
Part time, Powers to heal and see the future, Direct link to supernatural, People go though torture to become Shamans, often people who don't fit gender roles of society.
46
The second type of religion that Wallace stated was ____. and it was usually found in ____ societies at a ___level.
Communal; Typically found among horticulturalists at tribal level
47
List characteristics of Communal religions.
Not full time, concerned about their crops.
48
What types of rituals might attract shamans to Communal type religions?
Pests/insect rituals, raindances, fertility of women / crops..
49
The third type of religion that Wallace stated was ____. and it was usually found in ___ that were _____ into state level politics.
Olympian; Found in societies practicing small scale agriculture with transition to state level political systems
50
List characteristics of Olympian religions.
Full time specialists (priests/priestess) who undergo specialized training, They ensure that correct rituals are carried out, Don’t necessarily have a direct link with the supernatural they act as mediators. hierarchy of priests and priestesses polytheistic
51
The fourth religion that Wallace stated was _____. Usually found in ______.
Monotheism, large scale agriculture.
52
In Large scale Agriculture societies, religious specialists are usually...
male
53
In Tylors terms, religion....
explains the unexplainable
54
Durkheim said that religion...
binds communities together
55
Karl Marx said that religion...
religion is a mechanism of social control
56
Sir James Frazer said that...
religious feelings are characterized by a sense of humility...
57
Since we have little control over the supernatural, we can only...
Appease / Please it.
58
If you believe in magic, you believe that you can ____ the supernatural with the right formula...
control
59
What is Imitative magic?
you act out on some object what you want to happen
60
What is a positive and negative example of Imitative Magic?
+ Fertility figure...- Voodoo.
61
What is Contagious Magic?
Contangious magic requires something that has been in touch with a person
62
Examples of things that can be used for Contagious magic?
hair, feces, blood, saliva, nail clippings...
63
Religious Syncretism occurs when?
occurs in societies in societies undergoing rapid change and domination
64
What are some Revitalization movements?
Ghost Dance religion, cargo cults
65
What is the ghost dance religion?
belief that if they danced, the earth would open up and whiteman would disappear and buffalo would return.
66
Where does the Ghost dance occur?
In groups that feel they have / are being oppressed and those who want the oppressors gone.
67
How to ward off magic?
4 sea stars in the corner of your home. Or a croton plant (Jamacia) plant.
68
What are the common traits of Cargo Cults?
Religion based focus on 1 leader, charismatic and has chemistry..
69
Why do people join cults?
Because they feel they don't belong; and they identify with the leader.
70
Cults are built around one leader who is ____ and ____.
respected and admired.
71
What are sects?
Churches that break away from mother church because they are not following the right path.
72
The sects call themselves ______.
Fundamentalists.
73
Sects don't focus on 1 person, they...
follow the bible strictly.

Anth 2301 linda Matthei Texas AM commerce (1 decks)

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