Anterior Triangle Flashcards
1
Q
Boundaries of Anterior Triangle
A
- anterior midline of neck
- inferior border of manidible
- anterior border of SCM
- apex of triangle is at jugular notch
- base of triangle is the inferior border of the mandible
- roof of triangle
2
Q
Roof of triangle
A
- Superficial fascia
- platysma
- skin
3
Q
4 divisions of triangle
A
- Submandibular
- submental
- carotid
- muscular
4
Q
Boundaries of submandibular (digastric) triangle
A
- superiorly-the inferior border of mandible
- laterally-posterior belly of the digastric m.
- medically-anterior belly of the digastric m.
5
Q
Floor of submandibular (digastric) triangle
A
-formed by the mylohyoid and hypoglossal muscle
6
Q
Contents of submandibular (digastric) triangle
A
- submandibular gland–salivary gland
- submandibular ganglion-parasympathetic ganglion located next to the submandibular gland
- submandibular lymph nodes-lie superiorly to the submandibular gland
- hypoglossal n (CN XII)
- Facial artery and vein
7
Q
Submental triangle
A
- located at anterior midline of neck above the hyoid bone
- bounded by:
- -inferiorly-hyoid bone–forms the base
- -laterally-anterior bellies of digastic m.
- -floor-mylohyoid m–2 mylohyoid m join in the anterior midline of the neck by forming raphae
- Contents:
- -submental lymph nodes
- -beginning of anterior jugular veins
8
Q
Carotid triangle
A
- most imortant triangle
- lies anterior to the superior part of SCM
- the infrahyoid muscles DON’T overlap the carotid arteries
- bounded by:
- -anteriorly-superior belly of omohyoid m
- -superiorly-posterior belly of digastric m.
- -laterally-anterior border of SCM
9
Q
Contents of carotid triangle
A
- Carotid sheath–
- -extends from base of neck to base of skull
- -contains–vagus nerve (posteriorly), common carotid and internal carotid arteries (medially), internal jugalur vein (laterally)
- common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery & its branches, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve (CN X)
10
Q
Muscular triangle
A
- lies below the hyoid bone
- boundaries-
- -anterior-anterior midline of the neck
- -laterally-superior belly of the omohyoid m.
- -inferiorly-anterior border of the SCM muscle
11
Q
Contents of muscular triangle
A
- thyroid & parathyroid glands–C6 level
- infrahyoid muscle “strap muscles”
- -covered by layer of deep fascia
- —-sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid (inferior and superior bellies)
12
Q
Arteries of Anterior triangle
A
- Common carotid artery
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery
- subclavian artery
13
Q
Veins of anterior triangle
A
- internal jugular
- anterior jugular
- subclavian vein
14
Q
Nerves of anterior triangle
A
- vagus nerve
- ansa cervicalis
- hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
- Sympathetic trunk
15
Q
Vagus nerve branches
A
- recurrent laryngeal
- contribution of the pharyngeal plexus
- cardiac branches
- superior laryngeal
16
Q
Ansa cervicalis
A
-motor component of the cervical plexus
17
Q
Sympathetic trunk
A
- begin at C1 level
- course inferiorly through the neck anterior to the vertebral column and deep to the carotid sheath
- cervical components-3 of them
- –superior cervical ganglion–largest of them-located at C1 & C2 level
- –middle cervical ganglion–level of cricoid cartilage (C60
- –inferior cervical ganglion–located at C7–known as stellate ganglion
18
Q
Internal jugular vein
A
- begins outside of skull at the external surface of jugular foreman known as jugular bulb
- descends inferiorly in the carotid sheath
- terminates by joining with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
19
Q
Anterior jugular vein
A
- begins in the submental triangle below the mandible
- descends along the anterior midline of the neck
- drains into the external jugular vein
20
Q
Common carotid artery
A
- located within the carotid sheath
- right and left branch
- –right is a branch of brachiocephalic trunk
- –left is direct branch of the aorta
- terminates at the superior border of the thryoid cartilage (upper part of C5) by dividing intot the internal and external carotid arteries
21
Q
Carotid pulse
A
- checked at CPR
- checkec at level of thyroid cartilage-deep to anterior border of SCM
22
Q
Internal carotid artery
A
- provides NO branches in the neck
- courses superiorly in the carotid sheath to enter skull through the carotid canal
- CAROTID sinus is the diluted initial segment of the artery. it is innervated by CN IX & X
- Acts as receptor for monitoring BP
23
Q
External Carotid artery
A
- begins at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage and supplies structures outside the skull
- terminates in parotid gland by bifurcating
- –superficial termporal
- –maxillary arteries
- ligation of external carotid artery reduces blood to its area of distribution but does not completely stop it because of the connections made with the arteries of the opposite side
24
Q
Branches of external carotid artery
A
- superior thyroid
- ascending pharyngeal
- lingual
- facial
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- superficial termporal
- maxiallary
25
Q
subclavian artery
A
- right subclavian originates from the brachiocephalic
- left subclavian originates directly from the aorta
- each artery is divided into 3 parts by the anterior scalene m.
26
Q
1st part of subclavian division
A
- extends from its origin to the medial border of anterior scalene m & provides the following branches
- -vertebral a
- -internal thoracic a
- -thyrocervical trunk (3 parts)
- —transverse cervical a
- —suprascapular a
- —inferior thyroid a
27
Q
2nd part of subclavian artery
A
- located posterior to the anterior scalene m
- gives rise to one branch-
- —costocervical trunk
28
Q
3rd part of subclavian artery
A
- extends from the lateral border of anterior scalene to the 1st rib.
- gives rise to 1 branch
- —dorsal scapular
