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Opthamology > Anterior segment of eye > Flashcards

Anterior segment of eye Flashcards

1
Q

ciliary body connects anteriorly to the

A

iris

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2
Q

ciliary body connects posteriorly to

A

choroid

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3
Q

cornea continues as

A

sclera

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4
Q

Ciliary body the iris and the choroid are part of the

A

Uvea

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5
Q

Most inflammation in the eye stems from

A

Uvea

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6
Q

What gives you red eye

A

anterior segment pathology
infection
inflammation
irritation

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7
Q

Rare exception of red eye can be due to

A

acute angle closure glaucoma

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8
Q

Everything in the posterior segment of the eye is

A

PAINLESS

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9
Q

3 EXCEPTIONS to painless vision loss

A
  • optic neuritis
  • GCA
    (optic nerve inflammation)
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10
Q

overactive meibomian glands can lead to

A

blepharitis

common in patients with rosacea

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11
Q

what can be used in a low dose to treat belpharitis?

A

Dox or Minocycline

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12
Q

If a meibomian gland gets blocked

A

internal stye vs external

dont need Abx

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13
Q

Blocked oil glands if acute it’s called

A

Hordeolum = stye

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14
Q

External oil gland blockage

A

Hair follicle

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15
Q

Internal oil gland blockage

A

meibomian gland

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16
Q

Chronic oil gland blockage can lead to

A

chalazion

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17
Q

Orbital cellulitis is

A

an emergency - can blind patient

- compartment optic nerve compression

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18
Q

4 “NO”s in preseptal compared with orbital cellulitis

A

1) NO PROPtosis
2) no pain with EOM
3) NO limitation of EOM
4) NO optic disc edema
GLOBE IS WHITE
PERL pupils

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19
Q

PERL

A

pupils equal and reactive to light

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20
Q

Bacteria in preseptal vs orbital cellulitis

A

preseptal - usually from skin - staph, strep pnemo, H flu

orbital - usually from nose- Staph, strp pneumo, Beta hemolytic strep

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21
Q

2 bacteria that distinguish preseptal from orbital cellulitis

A

In pre septal includes H flu

In orbital includes hemolytic strep

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22
Q

In spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

NO effect on vision
always self-limited
DONT stop anti-coag therapy

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23
Q

2 Key signs of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

PURULENT discharge

NO preauricular lymph nodeds

24
Q

First thing that should come to mind with HYPERpurulent conjunctivitis

A

Nisseria gonorrhea -EMERGENCY
- can perforate cornea!
IV ceftriaxone

25
Q

Classic Hx of viral conjunctivitis

A

starts in one eye, moves to other

26
Q

Signs/symptoms viral conjunctivitis

A
  • pre-auricular lymph node
  • teary discharge, NO PUS
  • ITCHY!
  • pseudomembranes
27
Q

treatment for viral conjunctivitis

A

symptoms relief, lubrication and cool compress

28
Q

Post-infection with viral conjunctivitis can get

A

subepithelial infiltrates inside the cornea stroma

29
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis

A

both eyes
seasonal
- itchy!

30
Q

Giant papillary conjunctivitis is

A

in contact lens wearers

-

31
Q

Both allergic and viral conjunctivitis - what type of discharge?

A

watery

32
Q

Conjunctival reaction in viral vs allergic and bacterial conjunctivitis

A

In viral it’s follicular! others papillary

33
Q

Inflammation of superficial scleral vessels gives you

A

episcleritis vs scleritis (deep)

34
Q

Scleritis

A

VERY painful!

  • diffuse or sectoral
  • think systemic problem - collagen vascular
35
Q

Distinguish episcleritis from scleritis on exam

A

phenylephrine blanches vessels in episcleritis, not in scleritis

36
Q

Difference between corneal abrasion vs ulcer

A

Ulcer - infection - white - blocks view of iris

- ulcer may have hypopyon

37
Q

Corneal abrasion will appear ? on fluorescin exam

A

clear - it’s a scratch

38
Q

Corneal ulcers are common in

A

contact lens wearers

39
Q

how do you treat corneal abrasion vs ulcer

A

prophylactic in abrasion

but q1h for ulcers - Fluoroquinilones

40
Q

3 features of corneal ulcers - EMERGENCY

A
  • WHITE opacity
  • contact lens wearer
  • possible hypopyon
41
Q

DO NOT ALLOW PATIENTS TO USE

A

topical anesthetics

42
Q

HSV leading to keratitis

A
  • see a dendrite with end bulbs

treat with topical or oral antiviralss

43
Q

SHOULD NOT prescribe what in HSV infection

A

STEROIDS!

44
Q

If HSV zoster shows up near tip of nose and eye - how do you treat?

A
  • treat SYSTEMIC antivirals for 1 week
  • no topical!
  • REFER if red, painful or blurred vision
45
Q

What do the dendrites look like in Herpes simplex vs zoster

A

Simplex - dendrites

Zoster- pseudodendrites

46
Q

Iritis can be caused by

A

Psoriatic Arthritis

  • AS
  • Crohn’s
  • idiopathic RA
  • Sarcoid
  • syphilis
  • TB
47
Q

Hypopyon is

A

a severe form of iritis

48
Q

Iritis can cause

A
  • posterior synechiae - adhere to lens

- glaucoma -

49
Q

A red eye, with pain, photophobia, decreased vision, or limbal redness should

A

refer

50
Q

Endophthalmitis is

A

inflammation of every internal layer of the eye inside the sclera
- usually infectious!

51
Q

If a patient has a history of ocular surgery, and presents with a hypopyon,

A

endopthalmitis

-

52
Q

Signs/symptoms of endophalmitis

A
  • SEVERE pain
    reduced vision
    Hypopyon
    Recent eye surgery
53
Q

Treatment of endophalmitis

A
  • Intravitreal Abx - topical +/- IV
54
Q

Headache, nausea, vomiting, red eye, pain, blurred vision: signs of

A

acute angle closure glaucoma

55
Q

On physical exam, AACG wil present as

A

Fixed mid-dilated pupil

Opthamology (6 decks)

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