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Practical Ophthalmology > Anterior Segment Examination > Flashcards

Anterior Segment Examination Flashcards

1
Q

The GRAY LINE represents the most superficial portion of the?

A

Orbicularis oculi (The muscle of Riolan)

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2
Q

Acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid? Most common cause?

A

Hordeolum/Stye
S. aureus

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3
Q

Define External Hordeolum

A

Acute inflammation of a Zeis gland in the anterior lamella of the eyelid

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4
Q

Define internal hordeolum

A

Acute inflammation in a Meibomian gland of the posterior lamella of the eyelid

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5
Q

Lipogranuloma within the eyelid from an obstructed sebaceous gland

A

Chalazion

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6
Q

Eyelash Loss

A

Madarosis

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7
Q

Causative agent of Demodetic blepharitis

A

Demodex folliculorum

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8
Q

Affects mainly the medial or lateral cathal areas of the eyelids, which show eczematoid or ulcerative changes of the skin.

A

Angular Blepharitis
Moraxella, Staphylococcus

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9
Q

Most common eyelid malignancy

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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10
Q

Malignant tumor of the eyelid that present as a small translucent nodule with central depression, ulceration, rolled borders, and telangiectasias.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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11
Q

Malignant tumor of the eyelid that presents with nodular and plaquelike lesions with irregular edges, and chronic scarring.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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12
Q

Neoplasm that arises from the sebaceous glands and can pre sent as a chronic unilateral blepharoconjunctivitis.

It should be considered in any el derly patient with unilateral bleph-
aritis, as it is a highly malignant and potentially lethal tumor.

A

Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma

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13
Q

Dome-shaped nodules that cause the conjunctiva to have a bumpy
appearance.

A

Papillae

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14
Q

Conjunctiva normally contains islands of subepithelial lymphoid tissue. When these enlarge to the extent that they are vis i ble, they are called?

A

Follicles

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15
Q

Granulomatous conjunctivitis are caused by?

A

Bartonella henselae
Cat-scratch disease

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16
Q

Material is seen as a white membranous deposit that is adherent to the conjunctiva and that obscures the under lying conjunctival blood.

A

Pseudomembrane (Transudation of Fibrin)

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17
Q

Describe the lesion of Cat-scratch disease.

A

Conjunctival granuloma (large, polygonal lesion with central pallor) with adjacent follicles.

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18
Q

Adhesion between the bulbar conjunctiva and the lower eyelid? Seen in?

A

Symblepharon
Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid

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19
Q

degenerating epithelial cells and proteinaceous secretions
from conjunctival glands

A

Conjunctival concretions

20
Q

cases of chronic allergic conjunctivitis, focal collections of degenerated eo-
sinophils and epithelial cells may be seen at the limbus

A

Horner- Trantas dots

21
Q

characteristic of vernal conjunctivitis.

A

Horner- Trantas dot

22
Q

Limbal follicles are common in trachoma; with healing, they leave round, often depressed, limbal scars known as?

A

Herbert pits

23
Q

Nodular inflammation of the conjunctiva or cornea secondary to a hypersensitivity reaction to an antigen, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

Phlyctenules

24
Q

Tear film layers

A

Anterior lipid layer - Meibomian
Middle aqueous layer - Lacrimal
Posterior mucin layer - Goblet

25
Q

used to evaluate tear production and is usually performed as part
of the external examination

A

Schirmer testing

26
Q

5 Layers of the cornea; Describe

A
  1. Epithelium and epithelial basement membrane (the most superficial layers of the
    cornea)
  2. Bowman layer (the most superficial part of the corneal stroma)
  3. Stroma (multiple lamellae of collagen fibers, which account for 90% of the cornea’s thickness)
  4. Descemet membrane (the collagenous basement membrane of the corneal endothelium)
  5. Endothelium (a single layer of endothelial cells that act as metabolic pumps to regulate corneal water content)
27
Q

Superficial corneal vascularization, usually with fibrosis,

A

pannus

28
Q

accounts for 90% of the corneal thickness.

A

Stroma

29
Q

Deposition of copper in peripheral Descemet membrane?
It is usually beige to yellow- brown and occurs with?

A

Kayser- Fleischer ring

Wilson disease.

30
Q

The SUN Working Group
Grading System for Anterior Chamber Flare

A

0 None
1+ Faint
2+ Moderate (iris and lens details clear)
3+ Marked (iris and lens details hazy)
4+ Intense (fibrin or plasmoid aqueous)

31
Q

The SUN Working Group Grading System for Anterior Chamber Cells Grade

A

0 <1
0.5+ 1–5
1+ 6–15
2+ 16–25
3+ 26–50
4+ >50

32
Q

consists of a single layer of endothelial cells that act as metabolic pumps to regulate normal corneal water content.

A

Endothelium

33
Q

accumulations of inflammatory cells on the corneal
endothelium that occur with intraocular inflammation

A

Keratic precipitates

34
Q

(1) are sequelae of inflammation; they are adhesions between the iris and the cornea (2) or between the iris and the crystalline lens (3).

A

Synechiae
Anterior Synechiae
Posterior Synechiae

35
Q

Posterior synechiae sometimes involve the entire circumference of the pupillary margin

A

Seclusio Pupillae

36
Q

Accumulation of aqueous behind the iris causes it to bow forward

A

Iris bombé

37
Q

Nodules at the pupillary margin are called

A

Koeppe nodules

38
Q

Nodules on the surface of the iris are called?

A

Busacca nodules

39
Q

Nodules on the angle

A

Berlin Nodules

40
Q

white spots on the peripheral iris seen in patients with Down syndrome

A

Brushfield Spots

41
Q

melanocytic nodules of the iris seen in neurofibromatosis

A

Lisch Nodules

42
Q

Quivering of the iris that can be seen with movements of the eye in
patients who are aphakic (lacking a crystalline lens) or who have subluxated or luxated lenses. The condition occurs because of the lack of support of the iris by the lens and its zonular attachments.

A

Iridodonesis

43
Q

The lens is best examined after pupillary dilation, usually with the slitlamp in?

A

Optical Section

44
Q

Gray- white anterior cortical dots that appear after episodes of very high intraocular pressure. They usually indicate a prior acute angle- closure glaucoma attack.

A

Glaukomflecken

45
Q

Reflect light into the angle

A

Indirect Gonioscopy
Goldmann 3 mirror
Zeiss 4 mirror

46
Q

Refract light into the angle

A

Direct gonioscopy
Koeppe Lens

47
Q

Peripheral termination of the Descemet membrane

A

Schwalbe line

Practical Ophthalmology (1 decks)

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