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Anterior Segment Anatomy > Anterior Segment Anatomy > Flashcards

Anterior Segment Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

THE CORNEA
What does it do?

A
  • Responsible for 70% of focusing power.
  • Reduces optical aberrations.
  • Protects against physical, chemical and infective agents.
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2
Q

THE CORNEA
How does it work?

A
  • Very sensitive to touch & foreign bodies.
  • Needs effective & constant tear film.
  • There is no Corneal blood supply - nutrition is supplied from tear film (anteriorly) and aqueous fluid (posteriorly).
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3
Q

THE CORNEA
What does it look like?

A
  • Optically clear.
  • Multi-layered.
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4
Q

THE CORNEA
What are the corneal layers?

A
  • Anterior Corneal Epithelium
  • Bowmans Membrane
  • Corneal Stroma
  • Dua’s layer
  • Descemet’s membrane
  • Endothelium
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5
Q

THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER
Where is it?

A
  • Between the Cornea and Iris.
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6
Q

THE POSTERIOR CHAMBER
Where is it?

A
  • Between the Iris and Lens/Suspensory Ligaments.
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7
Q

AQUEOUS FLUID
Where is it produced and where does it go?

A
  • Produced by the Ciliary body in the Posterior Chamber.
  • Flows anteriorly through the Pupil.
  • Flows out via the Anterior Chamber/Iris Angle.
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8
Q

THE IRIS
What is it?
Where is it?

A
  • A thin pigmented diaphragm.
  • In the Anterior Chamber that is visible through the clear Cornea.
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9
Q

THE IRIS
What does it do?

A
  • Iris pigmentation determines the “colour” of the eye.
  • The centre of the iris forms the Pupil, which dilates and constricts to regulate light reaching the Retina.
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10
Q

THE IRIS
What are it’s regions?

A
  • The Pupillary zone is the inner region, the edge of which forms the boundary to the Pupil.
  • The Ciliary zone is the rest of the iris that extends to it’s origin at the Ciliary body.
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11
Q

THE IRIS ANGLE
What is it?
Where is it?

A
  • The Iris Angle is the relationship between the Cornea and Iris.
  • The Angle is formed at the insertion of the Iris into the Corneo-Scleral junction.
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12
Q

THE IRIS ANGLE
What does it do?

A
  • The Iris angle is critically important for the normal outflow of Aqueous fluid out of the eye.
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13
Q

THE IRIS ANGLE
What is the difference between a normal & abnormal Iris Angle?

A
  • A normal open angle allows Aqueous fluid to drain from the Anterior Chamber into the Trabecular Meshwork.
  • A narrowed or “closed Angle” can be caused by a shallow Anterior Chamber, Iris crowding with a dilated pupil or an abnormally forward lens position.
  • A closed angle prevents outflow of Aqueous fluid, increasing Intraocular Pressure.
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14
Q

MYDRIASIS (DILATING THE PUPIL)
What muscles control pupil dilation?

A
  • Radial dilator.
  • Circular sphincter.
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15
Q

MYDRIASIS (DILATING THE PUPIL)
What do Sympathomimetics do?

A
  • Sympathomimetics (e.g. Phenylephrine).
  • Stimulate the radial dilator muscles.
  • to “pull” the Iris open.
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16
Q

MYDRIASIS (DILATING THE PUPIL)
What do Parasympatholics do?

A
  • Parasympatholics (e.g. Tropicimide, Cyclopentolate and Atropine).
  • Paralyse the Circular Sphincter muscles.
  • To “relax” the Iris, allowing it to open.
17
Q

THE CRYSTALLINE LENS
What is it?

A
  • Flexible & transparent.
  • Has a Biconvex shape which is flatter at the front than at the back.
  • Comprises Anterior & Posterior Capsules, Cortex and Nucleus with Epithelium lining the inside of the Anterior capsule.
18
Q

THE CRYSTALLINE LENS
What does it do?

A
  • Refracts (focuses) light to produce a clear retinal image.
  • 30% of total refracting power of the Eye.
  • Defects of the lens cause visual symptoms and can prevent effective imaging of the Vitreous and Posterior Segment.
19
Q

ACCOMMODATION
What is it?

A
  • The ability to adapt between distance vision and reading vision.
  • Achieved by changing the shape of the lens.
  • Usually declines with age.
20
Q

THE CRYSTALLINE LENS
What structures does it have?

A
  • Anterior Capsule Surface
  • Epithelial cells
  • Equator
  • Cortex
  • Posterior Capsule Surface
21
Q

FOCUSING ON A DISTANT OBJECT
What happens to the lens?

A
  • A relaxed ciliary ring tightens and produces a flattened lens.
22
Q
A

Anterior Segment Anatomy (2 decks)

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