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A&P Class > Anterior Pituitary Hormones > Flashcards

Anterior Pituitary Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

From what cells?

A

Somatotrophs, protein

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2
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

Target organ(s)?

A

Liver, muscle, bone, cartilage & other tissues

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3
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

Effects?

A

Anabolic hormone – stimulates somatic growth, mobilizes fats, spares glucose
Stimulates insulin-like growth factor 1 release from liver

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4
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

Malfunction?

A

Decrease – pituitary dwarfism in children

Increase - gigantism in children, acromegaly in adults

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5
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

From which cells?

A

Thyrotrophs, glycoprotein

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6
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Target organ(s)?

A

Thyroid gland

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7
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Effects?

A

Stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone
Stimulates throxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) synthesis and release from thyroid gland
Stimulates iodine absorption by thyroid gland

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8
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Malfunction?

A

Decrease – cretinism in children, myxedema in adults

Increase – hyperthyroidism

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9
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

From which cells?

A

Corticotrophs,

Polypeptide of 39 amino acids

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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Target organ(s)?

A

Adrenal cortex

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11
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Effects?

A

Promotes release of glucocorticoids & androgens (mineralocorticoids to a lesser extent)

Stimulates corticosteroid, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid, and androgen synthesis and release from adrenocortical cells

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12
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Malfunction?

A

Decrease – rare

Increase – cushing’s disease

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13
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

From which cells?

A

Gonadotrophs, glycoprotein

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14
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Target organ(s)?

A

Ovaries & Testes

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15
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Effects?

A

Females – stimulates ovarian follicle maturation & estrogen production
Males – stimulates spermatogenesis
Males – stimulates maturation of seminiferous tubules
Males – stimulates production of androgen-binding protein from Sertoli cells of the testes

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16
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Malfunction?

A

Decrease – failure of sexual maturation

Increase – no important effects

17
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

From which cells?

A

Gonadotrophs,

glycoprotein

18
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Target organ(s)?

A

Ovaries & Testes

19
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Effects?

A

Females – triggers ovulation & stimulates ovarian production of estrogen & progesterone
Females – stimulates ovulation and formation of corpus luteum
Males – stimulates testosterone synthesis from Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
Males – promotes testosterone production

20
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Malfunction?

A

Decrease – failure of sexual maturation

Increase – no important effects

21
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

From which cells?

A

Lactotrophs, protein

22
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

Target organ(s)?

A

Breast secretory tissue

23
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

Effects?

A

Stimulates milk synthesis & release from mammary glands

Mediates sexual gratification

24
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

Malfunction?

A

Decrease – poor milk production in nursing women
Increase
Females - inappropriate milk production (galactorrhea), cessation of menses
Males – impotence, breast enlargement (gynecomastia)

25
Q

Oxytocin

From which cells?

A

Magnocellular neurosecretory cells

26
Q

Oxytocin

Target organ(s)?

A

Uterus, Breast

27
Q

Oxytocin

Effects?

A

Stimulates uterine contractions, initiates labor, initiates milk ejection (letdown reflex)

28
Q

Oxytocin

Malfunction?

A

Unknown

29
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

From which cells?

A

Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons

30
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Target organ(s)?

A

Kidneys

31
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Effects?

A

Stimulates kidney tubule cells to reabsorb water

Increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule & collecting duct of nephrons, thus promoting water reabsorption & increasing blood volume

32
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Malfunction?

A

Decrease – diabetes insipidus

Increase – syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

A&P Class (3 decks)

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