Anterior Neck

Question 1

What are the 4 compartments of the ant. neck?

Answer 1

Visceral, vertebral, 2 vascular

Question 2

What is included in the visceral compartment?

Answer 2

Parts of digestive & respiratory systems, endocrinal glands

Question 3

What is included in the vertebral compartment?

Answer 3

Cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and cervical nerves & muscles

Question 4

What is included in the 2 vascular compartments?

Answer 4

Major blood vessels & vagus nerve (CN 10)

Question 5

What are the 5 types of fascia in the anterior neck?

Answer 5

-Pretracheal
-Superficial
-Carotid sheath
-Investing
-Prevertebral

Question 6

Platysma OIA

Answer 6

Origin: Infra & supraclavicular regions

Insertion: Base of mandible; skin of cheek & angle of mouth

Innervation: facial nerve

Action: Depression of angles of mouth and mandible (“frightened face”)

Question 7

Superficial venous drainage includes what?

Answer 7

Ant & Ext jugular veins

Question 8

Triangles of the neck (anterior and posterior boundaries)

Answer 8

Anterior: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, inferior border of the mandible

Posterior: posterior border of the SCM, anterior border of the trapezius, and middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 9

Facial artery is located in what triangle?

Answer 9

Submandibular triangle (next to ant. & post belly of digastric muscle)

Question 10

4 smaller triangles of anterior triangle

Answer 10

Submandibular, submental, muscular, and carotid

Question 11

Submandibular triangle outlines and major contents

Answer 11

Inferior border of the mandible and digastric muscle

Question 12

Submental triangle outlines and major contents

Answer 12

Hyoid bone and anterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 13

Muscular triangle outlines and major contents

Answer 13

Hyoid bone, superior belly of omohyoid muscle, and anterior border of the SCM muscle

Question 14

Carotid triangle outlines and major contents

Answer 14

Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, stylohyoid m, posterior belly of digastric muscle, and anterior border of SCM

Question 15

Submandibular triangle major contents

Answer 15

Facial artery and vein, submandibular gland, and hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)

Question 16

Submental triangle major content

Answer 16

Submental lymph nodes

Question 17

Carotid triangle major contents

Answer 17

Internal jugular vein, carotid artery, vagus nerve (CN 10), ansa cervicalis

Question 18

Muscular triangle major contents

Answer 18

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 19

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 19

Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid

Question 20

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 20

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 21

Stylohyoid OIIA

Answer 21

Origin: Base of styloid process
Insertion: greater horns
Innervation: Facial nerve (CN 07)
Main action: Pulls the hyoid bone posterosuperiorly during swallowing

Question 22

Digastric OIIA

Answer 22

Origin: Anterior- digastric fossa, Posterior- mastoid process

Insertion: Tendon between 2 bellies to body of hyoid bone

Innervation: Mylohyoid nerve

Main action: Elevates the hyoid bone & depresses the mandible

Question 23

Mylohyoid OIIA

Answer 23

Origin: Mylohyoid line on mandible
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Innervation: Mylohyoid nerve
Main action: Support and elevation of floor of mouth; elevation of hyoid

Question 24

Geniohyoid OIIA

Answer 24

Origin: Inferior mental spine
Insertion: body of hyoid bone
Innervation: Anterior ramus from C1
Main action: Fixation of mandible; pulls mandible inward

Question 25

Sternohyoid OIIA

Answer 25

Origin: Posterior aspect of sternoclavicular joint Insertion: Body of hyoid bone Innervation: Ansa Cervicalis Main action: Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

Question 26

Omohyoid OIIA

Answer 26

Origin: Superior border of scapula Insertion: Body of hyoid bone Innervation: Anterior rami of C1 to C3 Main action: Depresses hyoid bone

Question 27

Thyrohyoid OIIA

Answer 27

Origin: Thyrohyoid cartilage Insertion: Greater horn of hyoid bone Innervation: Anterior ramus of C1 Main action: Depresses the hyoid bone and elevates thyroid cartilage

Question 28

Sternothyroid OIIA

Answer 28

Origin: Manubrium Insertion: Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage Innervation: Ansa cervicales Main action: Draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward

Question 29

What does the internal carotid artery supply blood to?

Answer 29

Everything in the skull; Ex. brain

Question 30

What does the external carotid artery supply blood to?

Answer 30

Everything outside the skull

Question 31

What veins receive blood from all structures of the head and neck?

Answer 31

Internal jugular veins

Question 32

What arteries come from the brachiocephalic trunk?

Answer 32

Right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

Question 33

What structure does the right internal jugular vein come from?

Answer 33

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 34

What vessels come from the aortic arch?

Answer 34

Left common carotid artery and subclavian

Question 35

Function of internal carotid artery?

Answer 35

Supplies internal structures in the skull

Question 36

Branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 36

Superior thyroid, pharyngeal, lingual, and facial artery

Question 37

Which anterior triangle nerves pass through the jugular foramen?

Answer 37

Glossopharyngeal (CN 09) Vagus Nerve (CN 10) Accessory Nerve (CN 11)

Question 38

Which anterior triangle nerves pass through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 38

Hypoglossal (CN 12)

Question 39

What type of nerve is glossopharyngeal? Function?

Answer 39

Mixed nerve (motor and sensory); Innervates muscle of the pharyngeal wall

Question 40

What type of nerve is vagus nerve? Function?

Answer 40

Mixed nerve (motor and sensory); Innervates several structures such as larynx, lungs, heart, liver, and structures in the abdomen

Question 41

What type of nerve is accessory nerve? Function?

Answer 41

Motor nerve; Innervates SCM and trapezius

Question 42

What type of nerve is hypoglossal nerve? Function?

Answer 42

Motor nerve; Innervates the tongue