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Anatomy Of The Lower Limb > Anterior/Medial Thigh (lecture) > Flashcards

Anterior/Medial Thigh (lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of the Lower Limb

Cutaneous

A

Lumbar Plexus: Anterior and Medial Thigh
Upper anterior leg; medial leg
Sacral Plexus: Lower buttocks, posterior thigh and leg, lower anterior leg and foot
Posterior rami of lumbar and sacral nerves: Upper buttocks

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2
Q

Lumbar Plexus Nerve Names and Muscles Innervated

A 
L1-iliohypogastric
L1-ilioinguinal
L1,2-genitofemoral
L2,3-lateral femoral cutaneous
L2,3,4-femoral
L2,3,4-obturator
L4,5-lumbosacral trunk
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3
Q

Iliohypogastric

Lateral cutaneous branch

A

Spinal component: L1

Distribution to lower limb: lateral gluteal region

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4
Q

ilioinguinal

A

L1

Upper Medial Thigh

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5
Q

Genitofemoral

Genital branch, femoral branch

A

L1 and L2

Distribution: upper Medial thigh and upper anterior thigh

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6
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous

A

L2 and L3

Distribution: lateral and anterolateral thigh

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7
Q

Obturator Nerve

A

L2-4

Distribution: Medial thigh, just above the knee

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8
Q

Femoral Nerve

Anterior cutaneous branches and saphenous

A

L2,L3: anterior and anteromedial thigh

L3,4: Medial side of knee, leg and ankle

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9
Q

Sacral Plexus Components

A

S1-S4

Some contributions from L4 and L5

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10
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous

(Inferior cluneal branches and perineal branch)

(Sacral Plexus L4-S4)

A

S1-S3

Distribution: Lower buttock, posterior thigh
Lower buttock
Uppermedial thigh

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11
Q

Sural Nerve

Sacral Plexus

A

S1, S2

Dist: Posterior leg
Lateral side and the Dorsum of the foot

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12
Q

Lateral Sural Cutaneous

Sacral Plexus

A

S1 and S2

Lateral side of the leg

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13
Q

Medial Calcaneal

Sacral plexus

A

S1 and S2

Heel

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14
Q

Medial Plantar

Sacral Plexus

A

L4 and L5

Sole of the foot, adjacent sides of first 4 toes

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15
Q

Lateral Plantar

Sacral Plexus

A

S1 and S2

Dist: lateral sole of the foot, sides of toes 4 and 5

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16
Q

Deep Fibular

Sacral Plexus

A

L4 and L5

Adjacent sides of the dorsum, toes 1 and 2

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17
Q

Superficial Fibular

Sacral Plexus

A

L4, L5 and S1

Dist: Anterior lower leg and ankle, the dorsum of the foot, adjacent sides toes 1-4

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18
Q

Superior cluneal

Dorsal rami of lumbar and sacral nerve

A

L1-L3

Upper buttock

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19
Q

Middle Cluneal

Dorsal rami of lumbar and sacral nerves

A

S1-3

Medial aspect of the buttock

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20
Q

Lumbosacral Plexus

Motor innervation nerves

A 
L2,3,4: Femoral
L2,3,4: obturator
L4,5,S1-3: Sciatic
L4,5,S1: Superior Gluteal
L4,5,S1: Nerve to quadratic femoris 
L5,S1,2: Inferior gluteal
L5,S1,2: Nerve to obturator interns
S1,2: Nerve to piriformis
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21
Q

Dermatologist of lower limb

A

L1-5: Anterior Region

S1-2: Posterior region

S3-5: Coccygeal Region

22
Q

Venous Drainage of the Lower Limb

A

Small (lesser, short) Saphenous: Ascends: behind lateral malleolus, runs straight up middle of calf to pierce they deep fascia in the lower popliteal space (terminates here)

Great (long) Saphenous: origin is from the dorsal venous arch of foot, ascents in front of medial malleolus, posterior to medial condyles of tibia and femur, along medial side of thigh to saphenous opening

23
Q

Varicose Veins

A

Valves of superficial veins become incompetent

24
Q

Regions of lower limb

A 
Anterior thigh
Medial Thigh
Gluteal region
Posterior thigh
Popliteal Fossa
Anterior leg
Posterior leg
Lateral leg
Foot
25
Fascia Lata
Reinforced lateral by the Iliotibial tract (Band) IT Band
26
Compartment Syndrome
Develops when swelling or bleeding occurs within a compartment. Fascia doesn't stretch, this causes increased pressure on capillaries, nerves and muscles in the compartment
27
Blood Supply to a joint
Arterial blood supply of a joint is derived from the Periarticular Anastomosis of blood vessels
28
Nerve Supply to a Joint
Supplied by all the nerves which innervate the muscles producing movement at that joint
29
Muscle's Distal Attachment (insertion)
Moveable end of the muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled
30
Muscle's Proximal Attachment (Origin)
End of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone
31
Hip Joint
Type: Ball and Socket (enarthrosis) Movements: circumspection of the lower limb, which is combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and addiction that allows the limb to circumscribe a cone Articular Surfaces: Acetabulum of the hip bone and head of the femur
32
Ligaments of the Hip Joint
Acetabular Labrum: depends acetabulum Transverse acetabular: crosses notch and completes a rim of acetabulum Round Ligament: Intracapsular; extends from the acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament to the fovea of the femur Iliofemoral: From ASIS to the intertrochanteric line; prevents overextension Pubofemoral: From the superior pubic ramus, joins the iliofemoral ligament, checks abduction Ischiofemoral: From ischium behind acetabulum to blend with the capsule, checks medial rotation
33
Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
Flexor of the hip joint and extensors of the knee Muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve Blood supply via femoral artery
34
Pectineal line of femur
A ridge running down the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur from the lesser trochanter; attachment of the pectineus muscle
35
Linea Aspera
Aspera is a latin adjective meaning round or uneven. Crest of bone on the posterior shaft in the middle third. Attachment for many muscles
36
Adductor tubercle
On the superior aspect of the medial condyle; attachment site for the membranous expansion of the adductor magnus muscle
37
Lesser Trochanter
Smaller projecting protuberance at the medial base of the femoral neck; psoas major, ilacus, upper part of adductor Magnus attach here
38
Pectineus | Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
Prox: Pubis Distal: pectineal line of femur innervation: Femoral nerve, may get twig from obturator Action: adducts and flexes thigh
39
Sartorius | Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
prox: ASIS Distal: medial surface of proximal tibia Innervation: femoral nerve Action: Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes leg at knee joint
40
Psoas Major | Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
Prox: T12 and lumbar vertebrae Distal: Lesser trochanter of femur Innervation: Anterior Rami of lumbar nerves (1-3) Action: Flexes thigh
41
Psoas Minor | Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
Prox: T12/L1 vertebral bodies Distal: iliopubic eminence Innervation: anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L2) Action: Flexes thigh
42
Iliacus | Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
Prox: iliac crest/fossa Distal: tendon of the psoas major/lessser trochanter Innervation: Femoral Nerve Action: Flexes thigh
43
Quadriceps Femoris: Rectus Femoris (Anterior Compartment of the Thigh)
Prox: AIIS Distal: Via quads tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity Innervation: femoral nerve Action: extends leg/flexes thigh
44
Quad femoris: Vastus Lateralis (Anterior Compartment of the Thigh)
Prox: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur Distal: Via quads tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity Innervation: Femoral Nerve Action: Extend leg
45
Quad Femoris: Vastus medialis (Anterior Compartment of the Thigh)
prox: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur Distal: Via quads tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity Innervation: femoral nerve Action: Extend leg
46
Quad Femoris: Vastus Intermedius (Anterior Compartment of the Thigh)
Prox: shaft of the femur Distal: Via quads tendon to the base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity Innervation: Femoral Nerve Action: Extend leg
47
Medial Compartment of the Thigh
Is an adductor compartment Muscles have their origin on bone around the obturator for amen and insert into the femur Most muscles innervated by obturator nerve Blood supply via profound a femoris and obturator arteries
48
Adductor Longus | Medial Compartment of Thigh
Prox: pubic bone Distal: linea aspera of the femur Innervation: obturator nerve Action: adducts thigh
49
Adductor Brevis | Medial compartment of Thigh
Prox: Pubic bone Distal: pectineal line and linea aspera of the femur Innervation: obturator nerve Action: adducts thigh
50
Adductor Magnus | Medial compartment of the thigh
Prox: Adductor part: ischiopubic ramus; Hamstring: ischial tuberosity Distal: adductor: shaft of femur; Hamstring: adductor tubercle of the femur Innervation: adductor: obturator nerve; Hamstring: Tibial division of the sciatic nerve Main actions: adductor: adducts/flexes thigh; Hamstring: adducts/extends thigh
51
Gracilis | Medial compartment of the thigh
Prox: pubic bone Distal: medial condyle of tibia Innervation: obturator nerve Action: adducts thigh, flexes leg, helps rotate leg medially
52
``` Obturator externus (Medial compartment of the thigh) ```
Prox: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane Distal: posterior side of femur; on and around greater trochanter of the femur Innervation: obturator nerve Main action: laterally rotate thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

Anatomy Of The Lower Limb (5 decks)

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