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Anatomy Of The Lower Limb > Anterior/Medial Thigh (lecture) > Flashcards

Anterior/Medial Thigh (lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of the Lower Limb

Cutaneous

A

Lumbar Plexus: Anterior and Medial Thigh
Upper anterior leg; medial leg
Sacral Plexus: Lower buttocks, posterior thigh and leg, lower anterior leg and foot
Posterior rami of lumbar and sacral nerves: Upper buttocks

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2
Q

Lumbar Plexus Nerve Names and Muscles Innervated

A 
L1-iliohypogastric
L1-ilioinguinal
L1,2-genitofemoral
L2,3-lateral femoral cutaneous
L2,3,4-femoral
L2,3,4-obturator
L4,5-lumbosacral trunk
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3
Q

Iliohypogastric

Lateral cutaneous branch

A

Spinal component: L1

Distribution to lower limb: lateral gluteal region

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4
Q

ilioinguinal

A

L1

Upper Medial Thigh

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5
Q

Genitofemoral

Genital branch, femoral branch

A

L1 and L2

Distribution: upper Medial thigh and upper anterior thigh

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6
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous

A

L2 and L3

Distribution: lateral and anterolateral thigh

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7
Q

Obturator Nerve

A

L2-4

Distribution: Medial thigh, just above the knee

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8
Q

Femoral Nerve

Anterior cutaneous branches and saphenous

A

L2,L3: anterior and anteromedial thigh

L3,4: Medial side of knee, leg and ankle

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9
Q

Sacral Plexus Components

A

S1-S4

Some contributions from L4 and L5

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10
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous

(Inferior cluneal branches and perineal branch)

(Sacral Plexus L4-S4)

A

S1-S3

Distribution: Lower buttock, posterior thigh
Lower buttock
Uppermedial thigh

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11
Q

Sural Nerve

Sacral Plexus

A

S1, S2

Dist: Posterior leg
Lateral side and the Dorsum of the foot

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12
Q

Lateral Sural Cutaneous

Sacral Plexus

A

S1 and S2

Lateral side of the leg

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13
Q

Medial Calcaneal

Sacral plexus

A

S1 and S2

Heel

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14
Q

Medial Plantar

Sacral Plexus

A

L4 and L5

Sole of the foot, adjacent sides of first 4 toes

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15
Q

Lateral Plantar

Sacral Plexus

A

S1 and S2

Dist: lateral sole of the foot, sides of toes 4 and 5

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16
Q

Deep Fibular

Sacral Plexus

A

L4 and L5

Adjacent sides of the dorsum, toes 1 and 2

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17
Q

Superficial Fibular

Sacral Plexus

A

L4, L5 and S1

Dist: Anterior lower leg and ankle, the dorsum of the foot, adjacent sides toes 1-4

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18
Q

Superior cluneal

Dorsal rami of lumbar and sacral nerve

A

L1-L3

Upper buttock

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19
Q

Middle Cluneal

Dorsal rami of lumbar and sacral nerves

A

S1-3

Medial aspect of the buttock

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20
Q

Lumbosacral Plexus

Motor innervation nerves

A 
L2,3,4: Femoral
L2,3,4: obturator
L4,5,S1-3: Sciatic
L4,5,S1: Superior Gluteal
L4,5,S1: Nerve to quadratic femoris 
L5,S1,2: Inferior gluteal
L5,S1,2: Nerve to obturator interns
S1,2: Nerve to piriformis
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21
Q

Dermatologist of lower limb

A

L1-5: Anterior Region

S1-2: Posterior region

S3-5: Coccygeal Region

22
Q

Venous Drainage of the Lower Limb

A

Small (lesser, short) Saphenous: Ascends: behind lateral malleolus, runs straight up middle of calf to pierce they deep fascia in the lower popliteal space (terminates here)

Great (long) Saphenous: origin is from the dorsal venous arch of foot, ascents in front of medial malleolus, posterior to medial condyles of tibia and femur, along medial side of thigh to saphenous opening

23
Q

Varicose Veins

A

Valves of superficial veins become incompetent

24
Q

Regions of lower limb

A 
Anterior thigh
Medial Thigh
Gluteal region
Posterior thigh
Popliteal Fossa
Anterior leg
Posterior leg
Lateral leg
Foot
25
Q

Fascia Lata

A

Reinforced lateral by the Iliotibial tract (Band)

IT Band

26
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

Develops when swelling or bleeding occurs within a compartment. Fascia doesn’t stretch, this causes increased pressure on capillaries, nerves and muscles in the compartment

27
Q

Blood Supply to a joint

A

Arterial blood supply of a joint is derived from the Periarticular Anastomosis of blood vessels

28
Q

Nerve Supply to a Joint

A

Supplied by all the nerves which innervate the muscles producing movement at that joint

29
Q

Muscle’s Distal Attachment (insertion)

A

Moveable end of the muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled

30
Q

Muscle’s Proximal Attachment (Origin)

A

End of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone

31
Q

Hip Joint

A

Type: Ball and Socket (enarthrosis)

Movements: circumspection of the lower limb, which is combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and addiction that allows the limb to circumscribe a cone

Articular Surfaces: Acetabulum of the hip bone and head of the femur

32
Q

Ligaments of the Hip Joint

A

Acetabular Labrum: depends acetabulum

Transverse acetabular: crosses notch and completes a rim of acetabulum

Round Ligament: Intracapsular; extends from the acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament to the fovea of the femur

Iliofemoral: From ASIS to the intertrochanteric line; prevents overextension

Pubofemoral: From the superior pubic ramus, joins the iliofemoral ligament, checks abduction

Ischiofemoral: From ischium behind acetabulum to blend with the capsule, checks medial rotation

33
Q

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Flexor of the hip joint and extensors of the knee

Muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve

Blood supply via femoral artery

34
Q

Pectineal line of femur

A

A ridge running down the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur from the lesser trochanter; attachment of the pectineus muscle

35
Q

Linea Aspera

A

Aspera is a latin adjective meaning round or uneven. Crest of bone on the posterior shaft in the middle third. Attachment for many muscles

36
Q

Adductor tubercle

A

On the superior aspect of the medial condyle; attachment site for the membranous expansion of the adductor magnus muscle

37
Q

Lesser Trochanter

A

Smaller projecting protuberance at the medial base of the femoral neck; psoas major, ilacus, upper part of adductor Magnus attach here

38
Q

Pectineus

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Prox: Pubis
Distal: pectineal line of femur
innervation: Femoral nerve, may get twig from obturator
Action: adducts and flexes thigh

39
Q

Sartorius

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

prox: ASIS
Distal: medial surface of proximal tibia
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes leg at knee joint

40
Q

Psoas Major

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Prox: T12 and lumbar vertebrae
Distal: Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: Anterior Rami of lumbar nerves (1-3)
Action: Flexes thigh

41
Q

Psoas Minor

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Prox: T12/L1 vertebral bodies
Distal: iliopubic eminence
Innervation: anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L2)
Action: Flexes thigh

42
Q

Iliacus

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Prox: iliac crest/fossa
Distal: tendon of the psoas major/lessser trochanter
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Flexes thigh

43
Q

Quadriceps Femoris:
Rectus Femoris
(Anterior Compartment of the Thigh)

A

Prox: AIIS
Distal: Via quads tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: extends leg/flexes thigh

44
Q

Quad femoris:
Vastus Lateralis
(Anterior Compartment of the Thigh)

A

Prox: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
Distal: Via quads tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Extend leg

45
Q

Quad Femoris:
Vastus medialis
(Anterior Compartment of the Thigh)

A

prox: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur
Distal: Via quads tendon to base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: Extend leg

46
Q

Quad Femoris:
Vastus Intermedius
(Anterior Compartment of the Thigh)

A

Prox: shaft of the femur
Distal: Via quads tendon to the base of patella; the patellar tendon attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Extend leg

47
Q

Medial Compartment of the Thigh

A

Is an adductor compartment

Muscles have their origin on bone around the obturator for amen and insert into the femur

Most muscles innervated by obturator nerve

Blood supply via profound a femoris and obturator arteries

48
Q

Adductor Longus

Medial Compartment of Thigh

A

Prox: pubic bone
Distal: linea aspera of the femur
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: adducts thigh

49
Q

Adductor Brevis

Medial compartment of Thigh

A

Prox: Pubic bone
Distal: pectineal line and linea aspera of the femur
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: adducts thigh

50
Q

Adductor Magnus

Medial compartment of the thigh

A

Prox: Adductor part: ischiopubic ramus; Hamstring: ischial tuberosity
Distal: adductor: shaft of femur; Hamstring: adductor tubercle of the femur
Innervation: adductor: obturator nerve; Hamstring: Tibial division of the sciatic nerve
Main actions: adductor: adducts/flexes thigh; Hamstring: adducts/extends thigh

51
Q

Gracilis

Medial compartment of the thigh

A

Prox: pubic bone
Distal: medial condyle of tibia
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: adducts thigh, flexes leg, helps rotate leg medially

52
Q 
Obturator externus
(Medial compartment of the thigh)
A

Prox: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Distal: posterior side of femur; on and around greater trochanter of the femur
Innervation: obturator nerve
Main action: laterally rotate thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

Anatomy Of The Lower Limb (5 decks)

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