Anterior and Posterior Pituitary Glands

Question 1

Name the neuronal axons which supply the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 1

The supraoptic and paraventricular neurons

Question 2

From what embryological origin are the pituitary glands derived?

Answer 2

Anterior: From the oral cavity, Rathke’s pouch. Ectodermal origin
Posterior: From the diencephalon

Question 3

Describe the area in which the pituitary gland sits

Answer 3

The pituitary gland sits within the pituitary fossa, sella turcica, formed from the sphenoid bone.
The cavernous sinus surrounds the pituitary gland. The internal carotid artery runs within the sinus.
The hormones released by the pituitary gland drain into the canervous sinus and then into the jugular vein, allowing their entry into systemic circulation.
The optic chiasm (crossing of the optic nerves) is seen above the pituitary gland. Adenomas can cause compression of the optic chiasm.
The sphenoid sinus sits below the pituitary gland.

Question 4

From what system does the anterior pituitary gland receive its blood supply

Answer 4

The hypophyseal portal system

Question 5

What structure connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

Answer 5

The pituitary stalk/infundibular