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Anatomy > Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue Layers of Thigh

A
  1. Superficial Fascia
  2. Deep fascia
  3. Intermuscular Septum
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2
Q

Deep Fascia of Lower Limb

A
  • fascia lata
  • Iliotibial tract or iliotibial band
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3
Q

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A
  • Leg extensors/ Thigh flexors
  • Femoral nerve
  • Muscles: Sartorius, iliopsoas, pectineus, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
  • Action: extension of leg at knee, flexion of thigh
  • Nerve supply: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
  • Blood supply: Femoral artery/vein
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4
Q

Medial Compartment

A
  • Thigh adductors
  • Obturator nerve
  • Muscles:
    • adductor longus
    • adductor brevis
    • adductor magnus
    • gracilis
    • obturator externus
  • Action: adduction of thigh at hip joint
  • Nerve: obturator nerve
  • Blood: obturator artery and obturator vein
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5
Q

Posterior Compartment

A
  • Leg flexors/ Thigh extensors
  • Sciatic nerve
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6
Q

Compartment Syndrome of Thigh

A
  • Increased pressure in fascial compartment that restricts blood flow and compresses nerves
    • caused by fracture, contusion/compression to thigh compartment
  • Deep fascia covering compartment unable to expand as pressure builds
  • Treated with fasciotomy
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7
Q

Iliopsoas

A
  • Distal attachment: lesser trochanter of femur
  • Innervation: femoral nerve
  • Action: main flexor of thigh at hip joint
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8
Q

Sartorius

A
  • Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
  • Innervation: femoral nerve
  • Action:
    • flex abduct and laterally rotate thigh at hip joint
    • flex leg at knee joint
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9
Q

Pectineus

A
  • Innervation: Femoral nerve and obturator nerve
  • Action: Flex and adduct thigh at hip joint
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10
Q

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

A
  • Group of 4 muscles:
    • Rectus Femoris
    • Vastus Medialis
    • Vastus Intermedius
    • Vastus Lateralis
  • Innervated by femoral nerve (L2-L4 nerve roots)
  • Muscle action:
    • extension of leg at knee joint
      • rectus femoris does flexion of thigh
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11
Q

Rectus femoris

A
  • Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
  • Insertion: patella via quadriceps femoris tendon; and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
  • Innervation: femoral nerve
  • Action:
    • Extend leg at knee joint
    • Flex thigh at hip joint
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12
Q

Vastus Medialis

A
  • Distal Attachment: patella via quadriceps femoris tendon: and then to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
  • Innervation: Femoral nerve
  • Action: extend leg at knee joint
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13
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A
  • Distal attachment: patella via quadriceps femoris tendon; and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
  • Innervation: femoral nerve
  • Action: extend leg at knee joint
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14
Q

Quadriceps Femoris Tendon

A
  • The tendon is a combination of 4 muscle tendons of quadriceps femoris
  • attaches from muscle to patella
  • strong tendon
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15
Q

Patellar Ligament

A
  • Continuation of distal part of quadriceps tendon
  • Attaches from patella to tibial tuberosity
  • strong ligament
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16
Q

Patellar Reflex

A
  • Test the integrity of femoral nerve (L2-L4 spinal cord segments)
  • Procedure: have patient sit with legs dangling. Give firm tap on petellar ligament with reflex hammer
  • Normal response: quadriceps femoris muscle contracts as a reflex response to the tap –> Leg extends at knee joint
17
Q
A
18
Q

Adductor Longus

A
  • innervation: obturator nerve
  • Action: adducts thigh at hip joint
19
Q

Adductor Brevis

A
  • Innervation: obturator nerve
  • Action: adducts thigh at hip joint
20
Q

Adductor Brevis

A
  • Innervation: obturator nerve
  • Action: adducts thigh at hip joint
21
Q

Adductor Magnus

A
  • has dual innervation
    • obturator
    • tibial division of sciatic
  • Opening in tendon called adductor hiatus
    • For passage of blood vessels to posterior aspect of lower limb
  • Origin: ishcial tuberosity
  • Insertion: adductor tubercle
  • Action: adducts thigh at hip joint
22
Q

Gracilis

A
  • innervation: obturator nerve
  • Action: adducts thigh at hip joint, flexes leg at knee joint
23
Q

Obturator Externus

A
  • Innervation: obturator nerve
  • Action: laterally rotates thigh
24
Q

Femoral Nerve

A
  • L2, L3, L4
  • Motor function: muscle strength and function of anterior thigh compartment muscles (sartorius, pectineus, quadriceps femoris, iliopsoas)
    • injury: weakness or inability to extend knee, flex thigh
  • Sensory function: normal skin sensation along anterior thigh, anterior-medial leg, medial side of foot
    • injury: decrease or loss of skin sensation along pathway
25
Q

Obturator nerve

A
  • L2, L3, L4
  • Motor: muscle strength and function of medial thigh muscles (adductor group, gracilis, obturator externus)
    • Injury: weakness or inability to adduct thigh
  • Sensory: cutaneous sensation on medial aspect of thigh
    • diminished sensation on medial aspect of thigh
26
Q

Cutaneous Nerve

A

one or more spinal nerves combine to form a specific named nerve that transmits sensory information from an area skin

27
Q

Dermatome

A

a single spinal nerve sending sensory information from an area of skin

28
Q

Arterial Supply to Anterior and Medial Thigh

A

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Anatomy (2 decks)

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