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Anatomy - OMS Year I - Block II > Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior portion of the lumbar sacral plexus have (flexor/extensor) functions

A

Flexor

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2
Q

The posterior portion of the lumbar sacral plexus have (flexor/extensor) functions

A

Extensors

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3
Q

What are the two muscle groups in the anterior comparment of the thigh and what are their primary functions?

A
  1. Hip flexors - flex the hip
  2. Quadriceps femoris - extend the knee
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4
Q

Main nerve supply of anterior compartment of the thigh is the _______________

A

Femoral Nerve

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5
Q

The main blood supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh is the ________________ and the two important branches of it are the ________________ and the _______________

A
  1. Femoral artery
  2. Deep femoral
  3. Lateral circumflex femoral
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6
Q

The quadriceps femoris are the main ____________ of the ____________. They are (name the muscles that make it up) ______________________

A
  1. Extensors
  2. Knee
  3. Rectus femoris
  4. Vastus lateralis
  5. Vastus intermedius
  6. Vastus medialis
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7
Q

The common innervation of the quadriceps femoris is the _________________

A

Femoral nerve

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8
Q

The common insertion of the quadriceps femoris is the ______________

A

Anterior tibial bone via patellar tendon

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9
Q

All of the muscles of the quads receive blood from the ________________ and the ________________, except the vastus medialis longus receives blood directly from the ________ instead of the _________

A
  1. Deep femoral
  2. Lateral circumflex Femoral
  3. Femoral
  4. Lateral circumflex femoral
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10
Q

What muscle is the “teardrop” muscle in bodybuilding? Its function is ___________________________

A
  1. Vastus medialis obliquus
  2. Medial stabilization of the patella
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11
Q

The vastus medialis longus functions to ____________ the ____________

A

Extend the knee

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12
Q

All 4 muscles of the quads merge to form the ________________

A

quadriceps tendon

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13
Q

what bone ossifies within the quadriceps tendon?

A

Patella bone

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14
Q

The 3 hip flexors are the __________, ____________, __________. They originate on the ____________

A
  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Pectineus
  3. Sartorius
  4. Ilium
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15
Q

The sartorius AKA the “____________” is a unique muscle of the hip flexors because it ____________________

A
  1. Seatbelt muscle
  2. Crosses two joints

inserts all the way down on proximal medial tibia

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16
Q

The iliopsoas muscle is a combo of the ________________ and ________________ and does NOT include the _________________

A
  1. Iliacus
  2. Psoas Major
  3. Psoas Minor
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17
Q

The 2 muscles that make up the iliopsoas muscle, merge around the _____________________

A

Inguinal ligament

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18
Q

What muscle is the only connection between the spine, pelvis and femur?

A

Iliopsoas

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19
Q

The iliopsoas muscle inserts on the ________________. It is the main ____________ of all 3 muscles.

A
  1. Lesser trochanter of the femur
  2. Hip flexor
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20
Q

The Iliacus originates on the ____________ and the psoas major originates on the ______________

A
  1. Iliac crest/fossa
  2. Lumbar spine
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21
Q

The iliacus muscle is innervated by the ____________ and the psoas major is innervated by _______________

A
  1. Femoral nerve
  2. L1-L3 Ventral rami
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22
Q

The iliopsoas muscle receives blood supply from branches of the ________________-

A

Iliolumbar artery

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23
Q

The sartorius muscle originates on the ________________ and inserts on the ___________________

A
  1. ASIS
  2. Proximal medial tibia
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24
Q

The main function of the sartorius muscle is ________. It also helps with _________________________________

A
  1. Hip flexor
  2. Hip abduction, external rotation and knee flexion

“hacky sack” muscle

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25
Q

The sartorius muscle is innervated by the ____________ and receives blood from the ____________________

A
  1. Femoral nerve
  2. Femoral artery
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26
Q

The pectineus muscle is unique because it borders the ________ and ________ compartments.

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Medial
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27
Q

The pectineus originates on the ____________ and inserts on the _______________

A
  1. Superior pubic ramus
  2. Pectineal line - Femur
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28
Q

The pectineus functions to flex the ________ but also to _______________

A

ADduct the hip

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29
Q

The pectineus is usually innervated by the ____________, but can sometimes also (or sometimes only) receive innervation from the ____________

A
  1. Femoral
  2. Obturator

femoral = 90% of the time

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30
Q

The pectineus receives blood from the ________________ and ___________________

A
  1. Medial circumflex femoral artery
  2. Obturator
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31
Q

The adductor muscles are antagonists to the abductors which are the ____________, ____________ and ___________

A
  1. Glute medius
  2. Glute Min
  3. Tensor Fascia Lata
32
Q

The adductors generally originate on the ____________ and insert on the _____________

A
  1. Pubis
  2. Femur
33
Q

The adductor longus is innervated by the ____________ and receives blood from the ________________ and _______________

A
  1. Obturator nerve
  2. Deep femoral artery
  3. Medial circumflex femoral artery
34
Q

Above what muscle does the obturatory nerve and artery split into anterior and posterior branches?

A

Adductor Brevis

35
Q

What adductor muscle does adduction but also weak hip flexion?

A

Adductor brevis

36
Q

The adductor brevis is innervated by the ____________ nerve and receives blood from what 3 arteries?

A
  1. Obturator nerve
  2. Deep femoral artery
  3. Medial circumflex femoral artery
  4. Obturatory artery
37
Q

The adductor magnus is composed of 2 parts. The ____________ part and the ____________ part.

A
  1. Adductor
  2. Hamstring

basically 2 different muscles

38
Q

The adductor magnus has a gap at the bottom end called the ____________ and this is where the ________________ artery and vein passage between the anterior thigh and ______________________

A
  1. Adductor hiatus
  2. Femoral
  3. Popliteal fossa
39
Q

The adductor portion of the adductor magnus also assists in ________________ whereas the hamstring portion also assists in ____________________ because it originates on the _______________

A
  1. Hip flexion
  2. Hip extension
  3. Ischial tuberosity

“one muscle” with two opposing actions

40
Q

Which adductor muscle is the most superficial and medial as well as is the weakest of the adductors?

A

Gracilis

41
Q

The gracilis originates on the pubis and inserts on the medial portion of the tibia called the __________________

A

Pes anserinus

42
Q

The gracilis adducts the hip but also assists in weak __________________

A

knee flexion

43
Q

The gracilis is innervated by the ____________ nerve and receives blood from what 3 arteries?

A
  1. Obturator
  2. Deep femoral
  3. Medial Circumflex
  4. Obturator
44
Q

What muscle does external/lateral rotation out of the adductor muscles?

A

Obturator Externus

45
Q

The obturator externus is innervated by the ________________ nerve and receives blood from what two arteries?

A
  1. Oburator
  2. Obturator
  3. Medial circumflex femoral
46
Q

The borders of the femoral triangle are the:

A
  1. Inguinal Ligament
  2. Sartorius
  3. Adductor longus
47
Q

The femoral triangle contains:
________ nerve
________ artery, including the ________ branch
________ vein, including proximal tributaries such as the ____________________ and ____________ femoral

A
  1. Femoral
  2. Femoral
  3. Deep femoral
  4. Great saphenous
  5. Deep femoral

these are arteries and nerves supplying anterior thigh

48
Q

The floor of the femoral triangle are the ________ and ________. The roof is composed of an important fascia called the _______________

A
  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Pectineus
  3. Cribiform
49
Q

The two compartments of the retroinguinal space are…? What are the contents of each compartment

A
  1. Muscular - Iliopsoas, femoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  2. Vascular - femoral artery and femoral vein
50
Q

The femoral sheath is a tube of fascia surounding the vasculature of the _____________________

A

Retroinguinal space

femoral triangle contents = NAVL

51
Q

What structure is part of the femoral triangle, but not within the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral nerve

52
Q

The femoral sheath has a proximal opening called the ____________ and has clinical relevance because ____________ often originate here

A
  1. Femoral ring
  2. Femoral hernias
53
Q

The adductor canal runs under the ________________, inferior to the ___________________

A
  1. Sartorius
  2. Femoral triangle
54
Q

What is the endpoint of the adductor canal?

A

Adductor hiatus

55
Q

The adductor hiatus is where the saphenous nerve exits to run with the ____________________ and where what artery/vein changes name when going posterior?

A
  1. Great saphenous vein
  2. Femoral artery/vein –> popliteal artery/vein
56
Q

The deep femoral artery gives off what two arteries + perforating branches that go to what compartment?

A
  1. Lateral and medial circumflex
  2. Posterior compartment

posterior compartment does not get its own artery - it comes from femoral artery that wraps around to the back

57
Q

The obturator artery is usually a branch of what artery? It enters the thigh via the ___________________________

A
  1. Internal iliac artery
  2. Obturator foramen
58
Q

The obturator artery and nerve split into anterior and posterior branches above what muscle? It will form anastomses for ____________________________ around the _______________

A
  1. Adductor brevis
  2. Collateral circulation
  3. thigh
59
Q

What artery is the main supply of the lower limb?

A

Femoral artery, deep femoral specifically

60
Q

The ____________ artery becomes the femoral artery below what structure?

A
  1. External iliac
  2. Inguinal ligament
61
Q

The pathway of the femoral artery is from ________________ triangle –> ____________ canal –> _________________

A

Femoral triangle –> adductor canal –> adductor hiatus

62
Q

When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

AFTER passing through **adductor hiatus **

popliteal artery = main blood supply to leg

63
Q

The main blood supply to the thigh portion of the lower limb is the ____________________. What are its two main branches?

A
  1. Deep femoral artery
  2. Lateral and medial circumflex femoral artery
64
Q

What is the major anastomosis of the hip region? It supplies blood in case what artery(s) gets blocked?

A
  1. Cruciate anastomose
  2. Femoral and Deep femoral
65
Q

What anastomosis supplies blood if the popliteal artery gets blocked

A

Genicular

66
Q

What are the 3 most important deep veins?

A
  1. Femoral
  2. Obturator
  3. Deep femoral V
67
Q

The superficial fascia of the femoral triangle contains what two main contents?

A
  1. Great saphenous vein
  2. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
68
Q

The great saphenous vein drains into what structure? The superficial inguinal lymph nodes drains into what structure?

A
  1. Femoral vein
  2. Deep inguinal lymph nodes

GFV drains into femoral by punching through the fascia

69
Q

The femoral nerve does what compartment of the thigh? What muscle is the exception?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Psoas major
70
Q

How does the femoral nerve enter the anterior compartment? All branches arise wtihin __________________________

A
  1. Retroinguinal space
  2. Femoral triangle
71
Q

Saphenous nerve does what type of innervation? It does innervate anything in the _____________

A
  1. Cutaneous ONLY
  2. Thigh
72
Q

Obturatory nerve does what muscle compartment? What muscle is the exception? It is instead innervated by the ____________

A
  1. Medial
  2. Adductor magnus hamstring
  3. Tibial div. of sciatic
73
Q

The obturator nerve sometimes innervates what muscle?

A

Pectineus

74
Q

The obturatory nerve enters the thigh via what structure? It divides into anterior and posterior branches above the ______________________

A
  1. Obturator foramen
  2. Adductor brevis
75
Q

What nerve innervates the skin of the distal half of the medial thigh? What nerve innervates the proximal half of the medial thigh?

A
  1. Obturator
  2. Medial femoral cutaneous
76
Q

What are the 2 groups of nerve branches of anterior femoral cutaneous nerves?

A

Intermediate and medial femoral cutaneous nerve

medial femoral cut. nerve innervates proximal portion of medial thigh

Anatomy - OMS Year I - Block II (2 decks)

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