Anterior and Medial Thigh

Question 1

The anterior portion of the lumbar sacral plexus have (flexor/extensor) functions

Answer 1

Flexor

Question 2

The posterior portion of the lumbar sacral plexus have (flexor/extensor) functions

Answer 2

Extensors

Question 3

What are the two muscle groups in the anterior comparment of the thigh and what are their primary functions?

Answer 3

1. Hip flexors - flex the hip
2. Quadriceps femoris - extend the knee

Question 4

Main nerve supply of anterior compartment of the thigh is the _______________

Answer 4

Femoral Nerve

Question 5

The main blood supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh is the ________________ and the two important branches of it are the ________________ and the _______________

Answer 5

1. Femoral artery
2. Deep femoral
3. Lateral circumflex femoral

Question 6

The quadriceps femoris are the main ____________ of the ____________. They are (name the muscles that make it up) ______________________

Answer 6

1. Extensors
2. Knee
3. Rectus femoris
4. Vastus lateralis
5. Vastus intermedius
6. Vastus medialis

Question 7

The common innervation of the quadriceps femoris is the _________________

Answer 7

Femoral nerve

Question 8

The common insertion of the quadriceps femoris is the ______________

Answer 8

Anterior tibial bone via patellar tendon

Question 9

All of the muscles of the quads receive blood from the ________________ and the ________________, except the vastus medialis longus receives blood directly from the ________ instead of the _________

Answer 9

1. Deep femoral
2. Lateral circumflex Femoral
3. Femoral
4. Lateral circumflex femoral

Question 10

What muscle is the “teardrop” muscle in bodybuilding? Its function is ___________________________

Answer 10

1. Vastus medialis obliquus
2. Medial stabilization of the patella

Question 11

The vastus medialis longus functions to ____________ the ____________

Answer 11

Extend the knee

Question 12

All 4 muscles of the quads merge to form the ________________

Answer 12

quadriceps tendon

Question 13

what bone ossifies within the quadriceps tendon?

Answer 13

Patella bone

Question 14

The 3 hip flexors are the __________, ____________, __________. They originate on the ____________

Answer 14

1. Iliopsoas
2. Pectineus
3. Sartorius
4. Ilium

Question 15

The sartorius AKA the “____________” is a unique muscle of the hip flexors because it ____________________

Answer 15

1. Seatbelt muscle
2. Crosses two joints

inserts all the way down on proximal medial tibia

Question 16

The iliopsoas muscle is a combo of the ________________ and ________________ and does NOT include the _________________

Answer 16

1. Iliacus
2. Psoas Major
3. Psoas Minor

Question 17

The 2 muscles that make up the iliopsoas muscle, merge around the _____________________

Answer 17

Inguinal ligament

Question 18

What muscle is the only connection between the spine, pelvis and femur?

Answer 18

Iliopsoas

Question 19

The iliopsoas muscle inserts on the ________________. It is the main ____________ of all 3 muscles.

Answer 19

1. Lesser trochanter of the femur
2. Hip flexor

Question 20

The Iliacus originates on the ____________ and the psoas major originates on the ______________

Answer 20

1. Iliac crest/fossa
2. Lumbar spine

Question 21

The iliacus muscle is innervated by the ____________ and the psoas major is innervated by _______________

Answer 21

1. Femoral nerve
2. L1-L3 Ventral rami

Question 22

The iliopsoas muscle receives blood supply from branches of the ________________-

Answer 22

Iliolumbar artery

Question 23

The sartorius muscle originates on the ________________ and inserts on the ___________________

Answer 23

1. ASIS
2. Proximal medial tibia

Question 24

The main function of the sartorius muscle is ________. It also helps with _________________________________

Answer 24

1. Hip flexor
2. Hip abduction, external rotation and knee flexion

“hacky sack” muscle

Question 25

The sartorius muscle is innervated by the ____________ and receives blood from the ____________________

Answer 25

1. Femoral nerve 2. Femoral artery

Question 26

The pectineus muscle is unique because it borders the ________ and ________ compartments.

Answer 26

1. Anterior 2. Medial

Question 27

The pectineus originates on the ____________ and inserts on the _______________

Answer 27

1. Superior pubic ramus 2. Pectineal line - Femur

Question 28

The pectineus functions to flex the ________ but also to _______________

Answer 28

ADduct the hip

Question 29

The pectineus is usually innervated by the ____________, but can sometimes also (or sometimes only) receive innervation from the ____________

Answer 29

1. Femoral 2. Obturator | femoral = 90% of the time

Question 30

The pectineus receives blood from the ________________ and ___________________

Answer 30

1. Medial circumflex femoral artery 2. Obturator

Question 31

The adductor muscles are antagonists to the abductors which are the ____________, ____________ and ___________

Answer 31

1. Glute medius 2. Glute Min 3. Tensor Fascia Lata

Question 32

The adductors generally originate on the ____________ and insert on the _____________

Answer 32

1. Pubis 2. Femur

Question 33

The adductor **longus** is innervated by the ____________ and receives blood from the ________________ and _______________

Answer 33

1. Obturator nerve 2. Deep femoral artery 3. Medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 34

Above what muscle does the obturatory nerve and artery split into anterior and posterior branches?

Answer 34

Adductor Brevis

Question 35

What adductor muscle does adduction but also weak hip flexion?

Answer 35

Adductor brevis

Question 36

The adductor brevis is innervated by the ____________ nerve and receives blood from what 3 arteries?

Answer 36

1. Obturator nerve 2. Deep femoral artery 3. Medial circumflex femoral artery 4. Obturatory artery

Question 37

The adductor magnus is composed of 2 parts. The ____________ part and the ____________ part.

Answer 37

1. Adductor 2. Hamstring ## Footnote basically 2 different muscles

Question 38

The adductor magnus has a gap at the bottom end called the ____________ and this is where the ________________ artery and vein passage between the anterior thigh and ______________________

Answer 38

1. Adductor hiatus 2. Femoral 3. Popliteal fossa

Question 39

The adductor portion of the adductor magnus also assists in ________________ whereas the hamstring portion also assists in ____________________ because it originates on the _______________

Answer 39

1. Hip flexion 2. Hip extension 3. Ischial tuberosity ## Footnote "one muscle" with two opposing actions

Question 40

Which adductor muscle is the most superficial and medial as well as is the weakest of the adductors?

Answer 40

Gracilis

Question 41

The gracilis originates on the pubis and inserts on the medial portion of the tibia called the __________________

Answer 41

Pes anserinus

Question 42

The gracilis adducts the hip but also assists in weak __________________

Answer 42

knee flexion

Question 43

The gracilis is innervated by the ____________ nerve and receives blood from what 3 arteries?

Answer 43

1. Obturator 2. Deep femoral 3. Medial Circumflex 4. Obturator

Question 44

What muscle does external/lateral rotation out of the adductor muscles?

Answer 44

Obturator Externus

Question 45

The obturator externus is innervated by the ________________ nerve and receives blood from what two arteries?

Answer 45

1. Oburator 2. Obturator 3. Medial circumflex femoral

Question 46

The borders of the femoral triangle are the:

Answer 46

1. Inguinal Ligament 2. Sartorius 3. Adductor longus

Question 47

The femoral triangle contains: ________ nerve ________ artery, including the ________ branch ________ vein, including proximal tributaries such as the ____________________ and ____________ femoral

Answer 47

1. Femoral 2. Femoral 3. Deep femoral 4. Great saphenous 5. Deep femoral ## Footnote these are arteries and nerves supplying anterior thigh

Question 48

The floor of the femoral triangle are the ________ and ________. The roof is composed of an important fascia called the _______________

Answer 48

1. Iliopsoas 2. Pectineus 3. Cribiform

Question 49

The two compartments of the retroinguinal space are...? What are the contents of each compartment

Answer 49

1. Muscular - Iliopsoas, femoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 2. Vascular - femoral artery and femoral vein

Question 50

The femoral sheath is a tube of fascia surounding the vasculature of the _____________________

Answer 50

Retroinguinal space ## Footnote femoral triangle contents = NAVL

Question 51

What structure is part of the femoral triangle, but **not** within the femoral sheath?

Answer 51

Femoral nerve

Question 52

The femoral sheath has a proximal opening called the ____________ and has clinical relevance because ____________ often originate here

Answer 52

1. Femoral ring 2. Femoral hernias

Question 53

The adductor canal runs under the ________________, inferior to the ___________________

Answer 53

1. Sartorius 2. Femoral triangle

Question 54

What is the endpoint of the adductor canal?

Answer 54

Adductor hiatus

Question 55

The adductor hiatus is where the saphenous nerve exits to run with the ____________________ and where what artery/vein changes name when going posterior?

Answer 55

1. Great saphenous vein 2. Femoral artery/vein --> popliteal artery/vein

Question 56

The deep femoral artery gives off what two arteries + perforating branches that go to what compartment?

Answer 56

1. Lateral and medial circumflex 2. Posterior compartment ## Footnote posterior compartment does not get its own artery - it comes from femoral artery that wraps around to the back

Question 57

The obturator artery is usually a branch of what artery? It enters the thigh via the ___________________________

Answer 57

1. Internal iliac artery 2. Obturator foramen

Question 58

The obturator artery and nerve split into anterior and posterior branches above what muscle? It will form anastomses for ____________________________ around the _______________

Answer 58

1. Adductor brevis 2. Collateral circulation 3. thigh

Question 59

What artery is the main supply of the lower limb?

Answer 59

Femoral artery, deep femoral specifically

Question 60

The ____________ artery becomes the femoral artery below what structure?

Answer 60

1. External iliac 2. Inguinal ligament

Question 61

The pathway of the femoral artery is from ________________ triangle --> ____________ canal --> _________________

Answer 61

Femoral triangle --> adductor canal --> adductor hiatus

Question 62

When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

Answer 62

AFTER passing through **adductor hiatus ** ## Footnote popliteal artery = main blood supply to **leg**

Question 63

The main blood supply to the thigh portion of the lower limb is the ____________________. What are its two main branches?

Answer 63

1. Deep femoral artery 2. Lateral and medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 64

What is the major anastomosis of the hip region? It supplies blood in case what artery(s) gets blocked?

Answer 64

1. Cruciate anastomose 2. Femoral and Deep femoral

Question 65

What anastomosis supplies blood if the popliteal artery gets blocked

Answer 65

Genicular

Question 66

What are the 3 most important **deep** veins?

Answer 66

1. Femoral 2. Obturator 3. Deep femoral V

Question 67

The superficial fascia of the femoral triangle contains what two main contents?

Answer 67

1. Great saphenous vein 2. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 68

The great saphenous vein drains into what structure? The superficial inguinal lymph nodes drains into what structure?

Answer 68

1. Femoral vein 2. Deep inguinal lymph nodes | GFV drains into femoral by punching through the fascia

Question 69

The femoral nerve does what compartment of the thigh? What muscle is the exception?

Answer 69

1. Anterior 2. Psoas major

Question 70

How does the femoral nerve enter the anterior compartment? All branches arise wtihin __________________________

Answer 70

1. Retroinguinal space 2. Femoral triangle

Question 71

Saphenous nerve does what type of innervation? It does innervate anything in the _____________

Answer 71

1. Cutaneous ONLY 2. Thigh

Question 72

Obturatory nerve does what muscle compartment? What muscle is the exception? It is instead innervated by the ____________

Answer 72

1. Medial 2. Adductor magnus hamstring 3. Tibial div. of sciatic

Question 73

The obturator nerve sometimes innervates what muscle?

Answer 73

Pectineus

Question 74

The obturatory nerve enters the thigh via what structure? It divides into anterior and posterior branches above the ______________________

Answer 74

1. Obturator foramen 2. Adductor brevis

Question 75

What nerve innervates the skin of the distal half of the medial thigh? What nerve innervates the proximal half of the medial thigh?

Answer 75

1. Obturator 2. Medial femoral cutaneous

Question 76

What are the 2 groups of nerve branches of anterior femoral cutaneous nerves?

Answer 76

Intermediate and medial femoral cutaneous nerve | medial femoral cut. nerve innervates proximal portion of medial thigh