Anterior Abdominal Wall, Groin Region

Question 1

Name the vertical planes which extend inferiorly from the midpoints of the clavicles to the midpoints of lines joining the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis

Answer 1

Midclavicular plane

Question 2

Name the horizontal plane joining the lowest point of the costal margin on each side. It lies at the inferior margin of rib 10

Answer 2

Subcostal plane

Question 3

Name the horizontal plane which joins the tubercles of the iliac crests

Answer 3

Transtubercular plane

Question 4

What two regions would you find the liver?

Answer 4

right hypochondrium and epigastric region

Question 5

Which two organs would you find in the left hypochondrium?

Answer 5

spleen and the fundus and body of the stomach

Question 6

What are the two subdivisions of the superficial fascia?

Answer 6

Camper’s and Scarpa’s Fascia

Question 7

Which division of the superficial fascia is a thin fatty layer which is continuous with the superficial fascia of the perineum and thigh?

Answer 7

Camper’s fascia (Superficial Layer)

Question 8

Which division of the superficial fascia is a membranous layer of fascia which is firmly fastened to the fascia lata of the thigh, just below the inguinal ligament?

Answer 8

Scarpa’s fascia (Deep Layer)

Question 9

Why is the extravasation of urine more common in males?

Answer 9

Male urethra is longer, more superficial, and more horizontally oriented.

Question 10

If the spongy urethra ruptures, why can urine not spread inferiorly?

Answer 10

Due to the firm attachment of scarpa’s fascia to the fascia lata.

Question 11

What is a median tendinous raphe which extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis.

Answer 11

Linea Alba

Question 12

What is the longest raphe in the body?

Answer 12

Linea Alba

Question 13

Look at the muscles of the anterior wall; which ones have different actions and innervations?

Answer 13

External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominis and Rectus Abdominis.

Question 14

The linea alba lies between what two muscles?

Answer 14

The right and left rectus abdominis

Question 15

What is the name of the curved line along the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle?

Answer 15

Linea semilunaris

Question 16

What is the name of the 3 bundles of connective tissue which run transversely across the rectus abdominis muscle and which fuse with the rectus sheath?

Answer 16

Tendinous Intersections

Question 17

What are the six functions of anterior abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 17

Coughing, Sneezing, Defecation, Micturition, Vomiting, and Parturition

Question 18

The aponeuroses of which three muscles form an envelope known as the Rectus Sheath?

Answer 18

external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis

Question 19

What is enclosed within the Rectus Sheath?

Answer 19

Rectus Abdominis muscle, Pyramidalis muscle, Super Epigastric Artery and Vein, Inferior Epigastric Artery and Vein, Anterior Primary Rami of Lower 6 Thoracic Nerves

Question 20

When above the Arcuate Line, the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is composed of _________ and ________.

Answer 20

aponeurosis of the external and internal oblique muscles

Question 21

When above the arcuate line, the posterior layer of the rectus sheath is composed of the aponeurosis of ______ and _______.

Answer 21

internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

Question 22

Below the arcuate line, the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is composed of the aponeruosis of ____, _____, and ______.

Answer 22

external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles

Question 23

**Below the arcuate line, the posterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by the _________.

Answer 23

transversalis fascia. (Starred this one because its not formed by an aponeruosis nor does it use the same muscles as above. Its unique).

Question 24

Where is the median umbilical fold located and what does it contain?

Answer 24

Extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus. Contains the urachus.

Question 25

Where is the medial umbilical fold located and what does it contain?

Answer 25

Extends from the side of the bladder to the umbilicus. Contains the obliterated umbilical artery.

Question 26

Where is the lateral umbilical fold located and what does it contain?

Answer 26

Extends from the deep inguinal ring to the arcuate line. Contains the inferior epigastric vessels.

Question 27

Which folds form the boundary of the supravesical fossa?

Answer 27

median and medial umbilical folds

Question 28

Which folds form the boundary of the medial inguinal fossa?

Answer 28

medial and lateral umbilical folds

Question 29

Which folds form the boundary of the lateral inguinal fossa

Answer 29

lateral to the lateral umbilical fold

Question 30

What lies above the umbilicus and contains the obliterated umbilical vein?

Answer 30

Ligamentum teres

Question 31

What arteries supply the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 31

Superior Epigastric, Inferior Epigastric, Lumbar and Deep Circumflex Iliac arteries

Question 32

What nerves supply the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 32

Lower 6 thoracic nerves (located between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 33

What ligament is formed by the lower edge of the external oblique aponeurosis?

Answer 33

The inguinal ligament

Question 34

Where is the inguinal ligament located?

Answer 34

anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Question 35

What are the most medial fibers of the inguinal ligament called?

Answer 35

Lacunar Ligament

Question 36

What is the lateral extension of the lacunar ligament called?

Answer 36

Pectineal Ligament

Question 37

Match the ligaments to their insertions:

1) Lacunar Ligament
2) Pectineal Ligament

A) Pectineal Line
B) Superior Pubic Ramus

Answer 37

1) B

2) A

Question 38

What is the name of the oblique passage through the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 38

Inguinal Canal

Question 39

What are the three things transported by the inguinal canal?

Answer 39

Spermatic Cord, Round Ligament of the Uterus, and the ilioinguinal nerve

Question 40

What serves to strengthen the posterior wall of the medial half of the inguinal canal?

Answer 40

conjoint tendon