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Gastrointestinal 1 > Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of the Right Upper Quadrant of the abdomen (10)

A
  1. Liver: Right lobe
  2. Galbladder
  3. Stomach: Pylorus
  4. Duodenum Parts 1-3
  5. Pancreas: head
  6. Right suprarenal gland
  7. Right Kidney
  8. Right Colic Flexure
  9. Ascending Colon: Superior part
  10. Transverse Colon: right half
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2
Q

Contents of the Left Upper Quadrant of the abdomen (10)

A
  1. Liver: Left lobe
  2. Spleen
  3. Stomach
  4. Jejunum and proximal ileum
  5. Pancreas: body and tail
  6. Left Kidney
  7. Left suprarenal gland
  8. Left Colic (splenic) flexure
  9. Transverse colon: left half
  10. Descending Colon: Superior part
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3
Q

Contents of the Right Lower Quadrant of the abdomen (10)

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Appendix
  3. Most of the ileum
  4. Ascending colon: inferior part
  5. Right Ovary
  6. Right uterine tube
  7. Right ureter: abdominal part
  8. Right spermatic cord: Abdominal part
  9. Uterus (if enlarged)
  10. Urinary bladder (if very full)
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4
Q

Contents of the Left Lower Quadrant of the abdomen (8)

A
  1. Sigmoid colon
  2. Descending colon: inferior part
  3. Left ovary
  4. Left uterine tube
  5. Left ureter: abdominal part
  6. Left spermatic cord: abdominal part
  7. Uterus (if enlarged)
  8. Bladder (if very full)
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5
Q

What landmark marks the superior edge of the abdomen?

A

The 4th intercostal space.

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6
Q

The Transpyloric plane contains what organs (7)? What is its corresponding vertebrae.

A 
The Transpyloric Plane contains the:
1. Gall bladder fundus
2. Pylorus
3. Pancreatic neck
4. SMA origin
5. Hepatic portal vein
6. Root of transverse mesocolon
7. Hila of kidneys
It is located at the level of L1
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7
Q

The Subcostal Plane is found where in relation to the ribs, and what organ is located in this plane?

A

The Subcostal Plane passes inferior to the 10th costal cartilage, and is at the level of the transverse colon.

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8
Q

The Transtubercle Plane is found using what boney landmark, and what organ is located in this plane?

A

The Transtubercle Plane is located between the Iliac Tubercles, and the iliocecal junction is at this level.

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9
Q

The Interspinous Plane is found using what boney landmark, and what organs (2) are located here?

A

The Interspinous Plane is located between the ASIS and the Appendix and Sigmoid Colon are located in this plane.

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10
Q

What imaginary border separates the Abdomen from the Pelvis?

A

The border of the pelvic inlet.

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11
Q

What spinal level is the transpyloric plane

A

L1

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12
Q

Spinal level: subcostal plane

A

L3

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13
Q

Spinal level: Transtuburcle plane

A

S2

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14
Q

Layers of abdominal wall in order from skin to peritoneum. There are 9.

A

Skin, Camper’s fascia, Scarpa’s fascia, External oblique M. , Internal oblique M., Transversus abdominis M., Transversalis fascia, Extraperitoneal fat, and peritoneum.

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15
Q

Liposuction is the removal of what from the abdominal wall

A

Camper’s fascia

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16
Q

Innervation of External oblique M.

A

Ventral Rami of T7-T12 of Intercostal N.

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17
Q

Fibers from the Internal Oblique M. that follow the spermatic cord form what?

A

Cremasteric M.

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18
Q

What is the insertion of all abdominal M. called

A

Linea Alba

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19
Q

What is the lateral border of Rectus abdominis M

A

Linea Semilunaris

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20
Q

What is a thickening of Rectus abdominis M in the pubic region that is commonly missing

A

Pyramidis M.

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21
Q

Arcuate Line

A

The lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath. Also where the Inferior epigastric vessels perforate the rectus abdominis.

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22
Q

What is the organization of the ANTERIOR Rectus sheath SUPERIOR to the arcuate line (2)

A

External oblique and Internal Oblique (EO, IO)

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23
Q

What is the organization of the POSTERIOR Rectus sheath SUPERIOR to the arcuate line (3)

A

Internal Oblique, Transversus abdominis, and Transversalis Fascia (IO, TA, TF)

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24
Q

What is the organization of the ANTERIOR Rectus sheath INFERIOR to the arcuate line (3)

A

External Oblique, Internal oblique, and Trasversus abdominis. (EO, IO, TA)

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25
Q

What is the organization of the POSTERIOR Rectus sheath INFERIOR to the arcuate line (1)

A

Transversalis Fascia

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26
Q

Superior to the Arcuate line, is the internal oblique aponeurosis anterior or posterior?

A

Both, It bifurcates and is the innermost layer of the anterior sheath and the outermost laver of the posterior sheath.

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27
Q

What are the four layers of the rectus sheath?

A

External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and transversalis fascia

28
Q

The neurovasculature of the abdomen is located between what two layers

A

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis

29
Q

Two branches of the Internal thoracic A. in the abdomen?

A

Musculophrenic A. and Superior epigastric A.

30
Q

Ebryologic origin of the Median umbilical fold

A

Obliterated uracus

31
Q

Ebryologic origin of the medial umbilical fold

A

Obliterated umbilical A

32
Q

The lateral inguinal fossa is the site of what type of hernia

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

33
Q

The medial inguinal fossa is the site of what type of hernia

A

Direct inguinal hernia

34
Q

3 main features of prune belly syndrome

A
  1. Deficient or absent anterior abdominal wall muscles
  2. Urinary tract anomalies (very large bladder)
  3. Bilateral cryptorchidism (Undescended testes)
35
Q

Where do the Testes and Ovaries develop

A

In the posterior abdominal wall from intermediate mesoderm

36
Q

What is the Gubernaculum (“little man that leads”)

A

The structure that the testes follow through the muscles and fascia of the abdominal wall through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum

37
Q

What is the fate of the gubernaculum in males?

A

Scrotal L.

38
Q

What is the fate of the gubernaculum in females?

A

Round L. of the Uterus

39
Q

What are the 7 layers of the scrotum and spermatic cord from Skin to Visceral Tunica Vaginalis?

A

Skin, Dartos Fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic Fascia, Parietal tunica vaginalis, and visceral tunica vaginalis

40
Q

What layer of the abdominal wall is not pulled down by the descent of the testes into the scrotum?

A

Transversus abdominus M

41
Q

External spermatic fascia came from?

A

External oblique M.

42
Q

Cremasteric Fascia came from?

A

Internal oblique M.

43
Q

Internal spermatic fascia came from?

A

Transversalis fascia

44
Q

Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral) came from?

A

Peritoneum/ Processus Vaginalis

45
Q

Dartos fascia came from?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

46
Q

What layer of the spermatic cord is under voluntary control and what is it’s innervations?

A

The Cremasteric Fascia and it is innervated by the Genital Branch of the Genitofemoral N.

47
Q

Name the 3 vessels for supplying blood to the scrotum.

A
  1. Posterior Scrotal Branches of the Pudendal A.
  2. Anterior Scrotal Branches of the Deep External Pudendal A.
  3. Cremasteric A. (from Inferior Epigastric)
48
Q

A persistent processus vaginalis can cause what?

A

Hydrocele, cyst, or hernial sac. Transillumination = Hydrocele. Non-transilluminating = hematocele.

49
Q

What part of the spermatic cord passes through the Deep Inguinal Ring?

A

The Tunica Vaginalis (Peritoneum)

50
Q

What nerves innervate the scrotum?

A

Posterior scrotal N., Perineal branches of posterior cutanesous N. of the thigh Anterior Scrotal N., and Genital branch of genitofemoral N.

51
Q

What are the 9 contents of the Spermatic Cord?

A
  1. Ductus Deferens
  2. Artery to ductus deferens
  3. Gonadal A. (AKA testicular A. specific to males)
  4. Pampiniform Plexus of Veins
  5. Cremasteric A. and V.
  6. Genital branch of Genitofemoral N.
  7. Sympathetics and Visceral Afferents
  8. Lymphatics
  9. Remnants of processus Vaginalis
52
Q

What is a Varicocele

A

An enlarged pampiniform plexus of veins causing scrotal fullness, which is variable in size. “bag of worms”. Generally occurs on left side.

53
Q

What are the Afferent and Efferent branches of the Cremasteric reflex?

A

Afferent: Ilioinguinal N.
Efferent: Genitofemoral N.

54
Q

Roof of Inguinal canal

A

Transversalis fascia, internal oblique, and Transversus abdominus

55
Q

Floor of inguinal canal

A

Iliopubic tract, Inguinal L., and Lacunar L. l

56
Q

Posterior wall of inguinal canal

A

Transversalis Fascia

57
Q

Anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique and internal oblique

58
Q

What passes through both the deep and superficial inguinal rings

A

Spermatic cord (males), Round L. of uterus (females), Blood vessels, and lymphatics.

59
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the Scrotum

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

60
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the testes/ovaries

A

Lumbar lymph nodes due to embryologic origin.

61
Q

What is the conjoint T. and what part of the Inguinal canal does it form

A

It is the lower part of the common aponeurosis of the internal Oblique M. and the Transversus abdominis M. as it inserts into the crest of the pubis and pectineal line. It comprises the medial portion of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal.

62
Q

What are the medial, inferior, and lateral borders of the Inguinal Triangle?

A

Medial: Lateral part of Rectus abdominis M.
Inferior: Inguinal L.
Lateral: Inferior epigastric vessels.

63
Q

Where do Direct hernias occur? What is a common cause of theses.

A

Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels within the inguinal triangle. A weak conjoint T.

64
Q

Where do Indirect hernias occur?

A

Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. These are more common than direct.

65
Q

Where do Femoral hernias occur?

A

Below the Inguinal L. These are most common in females and ~40% are considered medical emergencies due to incarceration or strangulation of herniated tissue by the lacunar L.

Gastrointestinal 1 (1 decks)

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