anterior abdominal wall

Question 1

how many regions are in the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 1

nine

Question 2

how are the nine regions of the anterior abdominal wall divided

Answer 2

by two vertical & two horizontal planes

Question 3

what plane extends inferiorly from the midpoints of the clavicles to the midpoints of lines joining the ASIS to the pubic symphyses

Answer 3

midclavicular planes

Question 4

what horizontal plane joins the lowest point of the costal margin on each side and lies at the inferior margin of rib 10 (L.V. 3)

Answer 4

subcostal plane

Question 5

what horizontal plane joints the tubercles of the iliac crests (L.V. 5)

Answer 5

transtubercular plane

Question 6

name the nine regions of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 6

right hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypochondrium, right flank, umbilical, left flank, right groin, pubic, left groin

Question 7

how else is the anterior abdominal wall divided

Answer 7

into four quadrants (right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower)

Question 8

how are the quadrants divided

Answer 8

median plane, transumbilical plane

Question 9

what is the variable landmark of the quadrants and at what L.V. does it lie

Answer 9

umbilicus; L.V. 2 & 5

Question 10

layers of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 10

skin, superficial layer of superficial fascia, deep layer of superficial fascia, deep (investing) fascia, external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fascia, parietal peritoneum, parietal cavity, visceral peritoneum, abdominal organs

Question 11

what are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall fascia

Answer 11

superficial fascia and deep (investing) fascia

Question 12

what fascia is a thin fatty layer that is continuous with the superficial fascia of the perineum and thigh

Answer 12

superficial layer of superficial fascia

Question 13

what fascia is a membranous layer that is firmly fastened to the fascia lata of the thigh and lies just below the inguinal ligament

Answer 13

deep layer of superficial fascia

Question 14

what fascia covers the anterior abdominal wall muscles on its anterior and posterior surface

Answer 14

deep (investing) fascia

Question 15

what are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 15

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, pyramidalis muscles

Question 16

a median tendinous raphe that extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

Answer 16

linea alba

Question 17

what insert into the linea alba

Answer 17

the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 18

where does the linea alba lie

Answer 18

between the left and right rectus abdominis muscles

Question 19

a curved line along the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 19

linea semilunaris

Question 20

3 bundles of connective tissue which run transversely across the rectus abdominis muscle and which fuse with the rectus sheath

Answer 20

tendinous intersections

Question 21

what is the muscle that is small, often absent, and lies anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle within its sheath

Answer 21

pyramidalis muscle

Question 22

what is formed by the aponeuroses of the external oblique, interal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle

Answer 22

rectus sheath

Question 23

what does the rectus sheath enclose

Answer 23

rectus abdominis muscle, pyramidalis muscle, superior epigastric vein and artery, inferior epigastric vein and artery, and anterior primary rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves

Question 24

a crescent shaped line in the posterior layer of the rectus sheath located midway between the umbilicus and pubic crest

Answer 24

arcuate line

Question 25

what is located above the arcuate line

Answer 25

anterior layer of rectus sheath (composed of the aponeurosis of the external & internal obliques); posterior layer of rectus sheath (composed of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique & transversus abdominis)

Question 26

what does the internal oblique muscle do above the arcuate line

Answer 26

splits to enclose the rectus abdominis

Question 27

what is located below the arcuate line

Answer 27

anterior layer of rectus sheath (composed of the aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles); posterior layer of rectus sheath (formed by the transversalis fascia)

Question 28

how many folds are present below the umbilicus

Answer 28

five

Question 29

extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus; contains the urachus

Answer 29

median umbilical fold

Question 30

extends fro the sides of the bladder to the umbilicus; contains the obliterated umbilical artery

Answer 30

medial umbilical fold

Question 31

extends fro the deep inguinal ring to the arcuate line; contains the inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 31

lateral umbilical fold

Question 32

what form the boundaries between 3 paired fossae

Answer 32

the folds below the umbilicus

Question 33

fossa located between the median and medial umbilical folds

Answer 33

supravesical fossa

Question 34

fossa located between the medial and lateral umbilical folds

Answer 34

medial inguinal fossa

Question 35

fossa located lateral to the lateral umbilical fold

Answer 35

lateral inguinal fossa

Question 36

lies above the umbilicus and contains the obliterated umbilical vein; forms the free edge of the falciform ligament (attached to the liver)

Answer 36

ligamentum teres

Question 37

what is the blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 37

superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, lumbar arteries, deep circumflex artery

Question 38

what is the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 38

lower 6 thoracic nerves